高考英语阅读理篇章结构题解题技巧.doc

高考英语阅读理篇章构造题解题技巧 　　导语：英语的文章讲究使用主题段和主题句主题段通常在文章的开头，简要概括文章的中心思想，主题句根据段落的写作手法的不同可能在段落的开头，也可能出现在段落的中间或末尾下面就由为大家介绍高考英语阅读理篇章构造题解题技巧，大家一起去学习吧！ 　　对《考试大纲》中提出的理解文章的根本构造的要求，往往通过篇章构造题来考查考生要学会把握文章的脉络，理解段落层次之间的关系，弄清作者的写作方法英语的文章讲究使用主题段和主题句主题段通常在文章的开头，简要概括文章的中心思想，主题句根据段落的写作手法的不同可能在段落的开头，也可能出现在段落的中间或末尾段与段之间常用词语连接，承上启下，使文章行文连贯，逻辑严密为突出主题作者可能采用不同的写作手法来组织文章，通过举例、比拟、类比等手法来透彻说明主题观点高考对这类题型的考查主要表达在以下几个方面： 　　1． 确定指代关系最常见的提问方式是：The underlined word “they/it/…” in paragraph… refers to… … 　　2． 对句子意义或作用的理解最常见的提问方式是：The sentence “… …” in paragraph … means ….; The example of … … in para….is used to illustrate/show … …. 　　3． 对段落大意或段落作用的理解。

最常见的提问方式是：The last paragraph mainly tell us that … …; The purpose of writing Paragraph … is …. …. 　　4． 对文章组织构造的理解最常见的提问方式是：How is the passage organized?；Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage? 　　在上述几类题中考生感觉难做的题是第四类, 这类题是近两年来出现的主要考查议论文构造的命题新方式,且逐步得到语言教育专家们的认可并逐步推广到对其他文体构造的考查分析这一类的题我们看出：对文章组织构造的考查不外乎两个层次一是按段落的组织方法理解文章的构造，一是按写作方法（论证方法）理解文章的构造 　　首先，看看这样考查从段落层次理解文章的构造这类题经常用到的提问方式是：Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage? 常见的段落构造有如下几种情况： 　　图1说明：①（Paragraph 1）是主题段（提出论题或论点），②、③段是就同一论据或者问题的同一方面作论述，④用另一论据材料或者从问题的另一方面论述，⑤段是结论段或者是用来重述论题、强调论点的段落。

同样我们很容易理解图2、3、4所示的段落构造的意义 　　The twentieth century saw greater changes than any century before changes for the better, changes for the worse, changes that brought a lot of benefits to human beings, changes that put man in danger .Many things caused the changes, but, in my opinion, the most important was the progress in science. 　　Scientific research in physics and biology has vastly broadened our views. It has given us a deeper knowledge of the structure of matter and of the universe, it has brought us a better understanding of the nature of life and of its continuous development. Technology in the application of science has made big advances that have benefited us in nearly every part of life. 　　The continuation of such activities in the twenty-first century will result in even greater advantages to human beings: in pure science—a wider and deeper knowledge in all fields of learning; in applied science—a more reasonable sharing of material benefits, and better protection of the environment. 　　Sadly, however, there is another side to the picture. The creativity of science has been employed in doing damage to mankind. The application of science and technology to the development and production of weapons of mass destruction has created a real danger to the continued existence of the human race on this pla. We have seen this happen in the case of nuclear weapons, Although their actual use has so far ourred only in the Second World War, the number of nuclear weapons that were produced and made ready for use was so large that if the weapons had actually been used, the result could have been the ruin of the human race, as well as of many kinds of animals. 　　William Shakespeare said. “The web of our life is of a mingled yarn（纱线）, good and ill together. “The above brief review of the application of only one part of human activities—science seems to prove what Shakespeare said. But does it have to be so? Must the ill always go together with the good? Are we biologically programmed for war? 　　72．Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage? 　　理解文章段落构造，我们很容易找到答案A。

　　接下来再来看看这样从论证方法上考查对议论文构造的理解掌握了议论文常见的写作方法，我们不难理解议论文的论证过程从论证方法上讲，常见的议论文构造有以下两类： 　　一、Put forward a question →Analyze the question → Solve the question 这就是“提出问题、分析问题、解决问题”的过程；二、Argument/idea → Evidence → conclusion/ restating the idea 　　这就是“由论点到论据到结论或者强调论点”的过程 　　对说明文、夹叙夹议类文章构造的理解，只要我们弄清段落意义和段落之间的关系，很容易理解其构造看看下面的例题我们也许会得到一些启发 　　I receive a lot of emails every time a column is published in 21st Century. The majority of questions I get are like this: “My English is still very poor, could you please give me some advice?” Since this kind of question is so big and so vague, any answers will be too broad or too general. In fact, asking questions is an art that needs training and practice in itself. And I would like to offer the following tips: 　　Always contextualize your question. If you really want to ask for advice on something, you need to provide a brief description of how you came up with the question and how you can benefit from asking it. For instance, if you need to improve your English, you need to state the skill area you are in the greatest need of improving, and what difficulties you encounter that cause you so many problems 　　The second piece of advice is that your question should be focused and specific. By that I mean that you might have a lot of questions, but choose the one that is most important and at the same time the least plicated. 　　Third, you can practise asking one question in multiple ways. For instance, if you are interested in knowing how you can boost your confidence in speaking, you might consider asking: “I often feel nervous before I ask a question, how can I overe my anxiety。