
一些名词的用法与搭配.doc
4页pleasure 的语法与用法1. 表示一般意义的“愉快” “高兴” “快乐”等,是不可数名词;表示具体的“乐事” “快事”等,是可数名词比较:同你谈话(我们)很愉快正:It gives us much pleasure to talk with you.正:It is a pleasure to talk with you.2. 其后一般不接不定式,但可接 of doing sth,但此时的 pleasure 前一般有定冠词如:May we have the pleasure of your company for lunch? 请和我们共进午餐好吗?There’s nothing to compare with the pleasure of being with you. 跟你在一起是无比的愉快有时也后接 in doing sth,但此时的 pleasure 前通常不用冠词如:He takes great pleasure in teaching children. 他很喜欢教小孩Children find endless pleasure in playing with water. 小孩子从玩水中可以找到无穷的乐趣。
注意下面这样的句子,句首的 it 为形式主语,其后后通常可接不定式(用作句子真正主语)如:It gives me great pleasure to grow flowers. 种花给很大的乐趣3. 注意:下面两句从语法结构上看是一样的,但是从交际角度上看,第二句不可接受的:正:May I have the pleasure of dancing with you? 我可以和你跳舞吗?误:Will you have the pleasure of dancing with me?4. 比较 my pleasure 和 with pleasure:前者用来回答感谢,意为 “不用谢” ;后者用来答应对方的请求或邀请等,意为“可以” “没问题” 如:A:Thank you for helping me. 谢谢你帮了我B:My pleasure. 别客气A:Will you lend me the book? 这本书你借给我好吗?B:With pleasure. 可以注:回答感谢,除可用 my pleasure 外,还可用:(It ’s) a pleasure. / (It’s) my pleasure. / Pleasure was all mine. 等。
failure 的用法与搭配1. 泛指一般意义的“失败” ,是不可数名词如:Failure is the mother of success. 失败是成功之母若指具体的失败的人或事等,则为可数名词如:The performance was rather a failure. 表演颇不成功He was a failure as a teacher. 他当过教师,却不称职另外,若指一次失败,也是可数名词如:Success came after many failures. 多次失败之后,终于获得了成功2. 表示未能做某事,通常用 one’s failure to do sth如:His failure to help us was disappointing. 他未能帮助我们真是令人失望I am puzzled by his failure to reply to my letter. 他不给我回信使我百思不解His failure to pass the examination surprised US. 他的落榜是使我们吃惊的表示在某一方面的失败或考试不及格等,可用介词 in如:Failure in one examination should not stop you trying again. 一次考试不及格不应妨碍你再试一次。
exercise 可数吗 1. 表示以下用法,通常为不可数名词:(1) 表示为增强体质或增进健康而进行的身体锻炼如:Exercise will do you good. 运动对你会有好处You need to take more exercise. 你要多运动You can take a little light exercise. 你可做点轻微的运动偶尔也可与不定冠词连用,表示一种运动如: Walking is (a) good exercise. 散步是(一种)很好的运动2) 表示权力的行使、技巧的运用以及品质发挥等如:The exercise of patience is essential in diplomatic negotiations. 在外交谈判中,重要的是要有耐性2. 表示以下用法,通常为可数名词:(1) 表示为复习知识而进行练习或训练如:We’ll do some exercises in grammar today. 今天我们要做一些语法练习2) 表示为保持健康或培养技能而进行的一套(a set of) 训练动作或练习如:He does exercises to strengthen his voice. 他训练嗓音。
Relaxation exercises can free your body of tension. 放松运动可以松缓身体的紧张3) 表示为达到某特定结果而进行的活动如:3. 表示“操练” “体操” “典礼”等,通常用复数形式如:We do morning exercises every day. 我们每天做早操Will you attend the graduation exercises? 你将出席毕业典礼吗?means 的用法与搭配用作名词,主要表示“方式” “方法” “手段”等,使用时注意以下几点:1. 单复数同形(永远有词尾-s ) 若用作主语,其谓语的数需根据句意来确定如:One means is still to be tried. 有一种办法还没有试行All means have been used to get him to change his mind. 为了转变他的想法,所有的办法都用过了有时用作主语其单复数意思不明,则谓语可用单数或复数如:Is [Are] there any other means of doing it? 做这事还有其他的什么办法吗?The end is good, but the means is [are] bad. 结局是很好,但采取的手段是不好的。
2. 表示做某事的方法,其后通常接“of+(动)名词” 如:There are several means of transport on the island. 岛上有好几种交通工具There is no means of finding out what happened. 无法弄清发生了什么事情Taking a plane is the quickest means of getting there. 去那儿最快的办法是坐飞机有时也可后接不定式,但不如接 of doing sth 常见另外有时也可后接 for doing sth, 也不如用 of doing sth 常见3. 表示以某种方式、方法或手段,通常用介词 by如:This money wasn’t earned by honest means. 这笔钱不是通过正当手段得来的He explained to us the means by which he persuaded her to come. 他给我们说明了他是如何说服她来的注意以下与介词 by 连用的常用词组:(1) by means of 意为“依靠” “通过” 。
如:We express our thoughts by means of words. 我们用词句来表达思想He got into the house by means of an open window. 他从一扇开着的窗户爬进屋去2) by all means 意为“无论如何地” “千方百计地” 如:This plan must be realized by all means. 这个计划必须千方百计予以实现在口语中可以表示“当然可以” 如:A:May I borrow your paper? 我可以借你的报纸吗?B:By all means. 当然可以3) by no means 意为“绝不” “一点也不” (用于句首,句子要倒装) 如:I’m by no means happy about his work. 我对他的工作一点也不满意By no means should he be left alone. 绝不能把他单独留下有时可说成 not by any means如:A foreign language isn’t by any means easy to master. 要精通外语绝对不是件简单的事。
Internet 用法说明1. 总是大写第一个字母,通常与定冠词连用,在非正式场合也可写成 the Net表示“在互联网上” ,其前通常用介词 on如:My free time is spent surfing the net. 我的空余时间都花在上网浏览网页You should check out this music website on the Internet. 你应当在互联网上查看一下这个音乐网站2. 注意以下表示类似“上网”意义的不同表达:Do you have access to the Internet? 你能上因特网吗?He is browsing the Internet. 他在上网浏览信息She likes to go on the Internet in the evenings. 她喜欢在晚上上网We often search the Internet for information. 我们经常上互联网上搜索信息另外,与动词 use 连用也是一种很常用的搭配如:It is becoming increasingly commonplace for people to use the Internet at home. 在家里使用因特网已变成越来越平常的事了。
3. 汉语说的“网吧” ,说成英语可以是 the Internet café如:Travellers can check their email at the Internet cafe in the square. 旅行者可以在广场上的网吧里查看自己的电子邮件另外, “网吧”还可用 cybercafe 表示如:Many towns and cities have cybercafes where you can surf the Internet. 许多城镇都有网吧,在那儿人们可以在网上冲浪dinner 的用法与搭配1. 表示“正餐” ,可指中餐,也可指晚餐若中餐为 dinner, 则晚餐称为 tea 或 supper;若晚餐为 dinner, 则中餐称为 lunch2. 一般为不可数名词,不与冠词连用如:Will you join us for dinner? 你来和我们一起吃饭好吗?He ate too much dinner. 他饭吃得太多I haven’t had [eaten] dinner yet. 我还没有吃饭若具体指某一餐饭或受形容词的修饰,则也可用冠词如:The dinner was badly cooked. 这顿饭做得不好。
I never eat a big dinner. 我的饭量向来不大若特指,可受定冠词的修饰如:The dinner smells go。
