灾害管理培训——毛刚强.ppt

灾害管理培训概况• 课程目标：了解灾害管理的基本概念和当今灾害管理的 趋势，了解灾害管理和发展之间的关系、了解损害评估 和需求分析的方法、了解社区灾害风险管理的方法及过 程、了解参与式风险评估的概念及方法交流内容• 灾害管理的基本概念和术语 • 灾害管理的趋势 • 灾害与发展的关系 • 评估方法简介灾害管理的基本概念和术语• 基本术语：灾害、致灾因子、风险、风险元素、能力、易损性 、灾害风险、响应、求援救济、恢复、修复、重建、发展、减 轻、准备、防御、灾害风险管理 • 灾害管理的趋势：防御、减轻、救灾-防灾、备灾、将灾害风险 纳入发展周期中国家-社区多层次、多方位与多学科的参与及共同工作的全面灾害管理• 灾害风险管理的周期：大范围的组织、机构的参与和有效合作 ，与制度国家发展规划相联，旨在创造最佳利用资源、最大程 度减少重复的有规划的环境，增强可持续发展，并提高国家和 社区的抵御能力，包括确定背景、辨别风险、分析风险、评估 风险、接受风险、应对风险灾害管理的趋势• 趋势：综合灾害风险管理，帮助 决策者 在发展规划中进行灾害风险分析，从而 减轻投资风险 • 社区参与灾害风险管理灾害管理周期的变化• 灾害管理周 期包括六个 阶段： •防 御 •减 轻 •准 备 •响 应 •修 复 •恢 复Emergency Response 紧紧急响应应Rehabilitation 修复Reconstr uction 重建Disaster Prevention 防灾Disaster Mitigation 减灾Disaster Preparedness 备备灾Warning 预预警Disaster 灾害New Paradigm Disaster Risk Management灾害风险管理Monitor and Review 监测与检查Communicate and Consult 交流与咨询Establish the Context确定背景Identify Risks辨别风险Analyze Risks分析风险Evaluate Risks评估风险Accept Risks接受风险Treat Risks应对风险NYEvolving Concepts 概念演变CHARMComprehensive Hazard and Risk Management 综合致灾因子和 风险管理TDRMTotal Disaster Risk Management 全面灾害风险管理MDRMMainstreaming Disaster Risk Management 将灾害风险管理纳入 发展周期中Evolving Concepts 概念演变CHARMComprehensive Hazard and Risk Management 综合致灾因子和 风险管理TDRMTotal Disaster Risk Management 全面灾害风险管理MDRMMainstreaming Disaster Risk Management 将灾害风险管理纳入 发展周期中•Understanding the impact of disaster risks on development and incorporating disaster risk considerations into development funding and planning •Development should support the reduction of vulnerability and the building of community and country resilience •Development agencies and donors must promote linkages between their development and humanitarian work•Holistic、Comprehensive、Cooperative and Collaborative、Multi-level, multi- dimensional and multi-disciplinary involvement 、Considers underlying causes of disasters, conditions of disaster risks•CHARM moves the focus away from departments and agencies supporting a wide range of non-coordinated activities, towards a broader and integrated programming approach that will promote the achievement of sustainable outcomes.社区参与灾害风险管理To enable the vulnerable members of a community or society to obtain the benefits that they desire and expect from their collective participation in the identification, planning, implementation and evaluation of risk reduction project. 使社区或社会的脆弱群体获获得他们们所渴望并 期待的好处处。

这这些好处处是从他们们在集体参与 减轻轻灾害风险项风险项 目的辨别别、规规划、实实施和评评 估中获获得的目标：什么是社区灾害风险管理过程• Process of mobilizing a group of people in a systematic way towards achieving a common risk reduction objective which takes place in a geographically-defined living area (or) in sector groups not necessarily living in a district location. • 社区灾害风险管理过程是指：用一种有系统的方式 ，动员一群人完成减轻灾害风险的共同目标的过程 这一过程发生在居住在同一地理区域的社区，或发生 在一个专业领域但不一定同属一个地理区域的人群中 Stages in Community Based Disaster Risk Management Process…社区灾害风险管理过程的 步骤. Stage 1INITIATING THE PROCESS 创始过程EXTERNAL INVOLVEMENT 外部参与§Request for assistance from within vulnerable communities 来自脆弱社区的援助要求 §Identification of vulnerable communities by intermediaries 由相关的中间组织辨别脆弱的社区 §A hazard event or disaster that highlights the need for assistance 需要重点援助应对的致灾因 子或灾害 §Knowledge of local situations, processes and systems 了解当地情况、经济、社会关系及政治 、行政管理系统Stage 2COMMUNITY PROFILING 社区剖面EXTERNAL INVOLVEMENT 外部参与§ Initial integration with the community 与社区接触、融合§ Understanding of the community, its developmental positions and the context upon which disaster will impact 了解社区的 基本情况、社区的发展状况及灾害将造成对社区的影 响§ Identification of social groups, cultural arrangements, economic activities, spatial characteristics, vulnerable households and groups 辨别社会团体、文化习俗、经济 活动、地理区域特征、脆弱的家庭和群体Stages in Community Based Disaster Risk Management Process…社区灾害风险管理过程的步骤.Stage 3COMMUNITY RISK ASSESSMENT 社区风险评估COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT 社区参与§ Hazard Mapping 绘制致灾因子图§ Vulnerability assessment 易损性 评估§ Capacity assessment 能力评估§ People’s perception of disaster risks 人们对灾害风险的认识=The size of the problem and the opportunities to deal with 问题的大小和 应对机会Stages in Community Based Disaster Risk Management Process…社区灾害风险管理过 程的步骤.Stage 4 RISK REDUCTION PLANNING 减轻灾害风险计划COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT 社区参与§ Preparedness measures 准备措施§ Mitigation measures 减轻措施§ Roles, responsibilities, schedules, inputs, outputs 角色责 任、 日程表、 输入、输出§ Community target and indicators 社区目标和指标Stages in Community Based Disaster Risk Management Process… 社区灾害风险管理过程的步骤 .Stage 4 RISK REDUCTION PLANNING 减轻灾害风险计划COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT 社区参与§ Preparedness measures 准备措施§ Mitigation measures 减轻措施§ Roles, responsibilities, schedules, inputs, outputs 角色责 任、 日程表、 输入、输出§ Community target and indicators 社区目标和指标Stages in Community Based Disaster Risk Management Process… 社区灾害风险管理过程的步骤 .Stage 5IMPLEMENTING AND MONITORING 实施和监测COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT 社区参与§ Strengthening of Community Response Organization 加强社区的响应组织§ Community mobilization in risk reduction activities 动员社区开展减轻风险活动Stages in Community Based Disaster Risk Management Process…社区灾害风险管理过程的步骤 .Stage6 EVALUATION AND FEEDBACK 评估和反馈COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT 。