2022-2023年考博英语-中国科学技术大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）第4期.docx

2022-2023年考博英语-中国科学技术大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）1. 单选题Vince Cable’s decision not to come to Oxford because of a peaceful protest is one of the most cowardly acts by a British politician in living memory.问题1选项A.sensibleB.effectiveC.fearfulD.cautious【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. sensible 明智的，理智的 B. effective 有效的C. fearful 惧怕的，胆怯的，担心的 D. cautious 小心的，谨慎的（谨慎说话和行事，尤其是为了避免危险或错误）【答案】C【考查点】形容词辨析解题思路】cowardly的意思为“胆小的，怯懦的”，指的是因为和平示威而决定不去牛津大学是懦弱的行为，fearful与之词义相近，因此C选项正确干扰项排除】A、B、D选项词义与之不符句意】文斯•凯布尔因为和平示威而决定不去牛津大学，这是人们记忆中英国政治家最懦弱的行为之一。

2. 填空题All populations contain some ________ in traits. In humans, for example, some people are tall, some are short, and some are of medium height. (vary)【答案】variation【解析】【考查点】名词解题思路】根据关键词some，可知横线处为名词根据关键词for example，可知两个句子是例证关系，指的是同一个族群有不同特点，variation的意思为“变异的东西，变种”，符合语境句意】所有族群在性状上都有一些变异以人类为例，有些人高，有些人矮，有些人中等身高3. 单选题Despite the recession in Brazil, many job hunters are taking their last savings and investing in English lessons because so many _______ employers want workers with a knowledge of English.问题1选项A.prevalentB.proficientC.prospectiveD.prominent【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. prevalent 普遍存在的，盛行的 B. proficient 熟练的，娴熟的，精通的C. prospective可能的，潜在的 D. prominent 著名的，杰出的【答案】C【考查点】形容词辨析。

解题思路】根据关键词job hunters，可知这些求职者学英语是为了找工作，雇主是谁还没有确定，prospective符合语境，因此C选项正确干扰项排除】A、B、D选项不符合语境句意】尽管巴西经济衰退，许多求职者还是把最后的积蓄花在了英语课程上，因为很多潜在雇主都想要会英语的员工4. 单选题Long-term water availability is largely determined by the average conditions in a river basin, but it is often extreme events that cause acute water insecurity.问题1选项A.occasionalB.constantC.urgentD.serious【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. occasional 偶尔的，偶然的 B. constant 连续发生的，不断的C. urgent 紧急的，紧迫的 D. serious 严重的，有危险的【答案】D【考查点】形容词辨析解题思路】acute的意思为“十分严重的”，这里指极端事件让水变得非常不安全，有严重的安全问题，serious与之词义相近，因此D选项正确。

干扰项排除】A、B、C选项词义与之不符句意】长期来说，水资源的可用性在很大程度上取决于流域的平均条件，但往往是极端事件导致严重的在水安全方面的问题5. 单选题If we all end up trying to be savers, the global economy will tilt more heavily towards protectionism and recession.问题1选项A.favorB.proceedC.leanD.extend【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. favor 优惠，特别照顾，偏袒 B. proceed 继续做（或从事、进行）C. lean 倾斜 D. extend 使伸长；扩大【答案】C【考查点】动词辨析解题思路】tilt的意思为“使向……倾斜，偏向”，指的是保护主义和经济衰退会变得更加严重的倾向，lean与之词义相近，因此C选项正确干扰项排除】A、B、D选项词义与之不符句意】如果我们最终都试图成为储蓄者，全球经济将更严重地偏向保护主义和衰退6. 单选题Independent auditors from KPMG say they are preparing to closely scrutinize organizational and operational changes that State Compensation Insurance Fund is implementing.问题1选项A.examineB.executeC.informD.foster【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. examine （仔细地）检查，检验 B. execute （尤指依法）处决，处死C. inform 知会，通知 D. foster 促进，助长【答案】A【考查点】动词辨析。

解题思路】scrutinize的意思为“认真检查，细致审查”，和changes构成动宾搭配关系，指的是仔细审查正在实施的组织和运营变革，examine与之词义相近，因此A选项正确干扰项排除】B、C、D选项词义与之不符句意】毕马威会计师事务所的独立审计师表示，他们正准备密切审查国家赔偿保险基金正在实施的组织和运营变革7. 单选题To say that the child learns by imitation and that the way to teach is to set a good example oversimplifies. No child imitates every action he sees. Sometimes, the example the parent wants him to follow is ignored while he takes over contrary patterns from some other example. Therefore we must turn to a more subtle theory than “Monkey see, monkey do.”Look at it from the child’s point of view. Here he is in a new situation, lacking a ready response. He is seeking a response which will gain certain ends. If he lacks a ready response for the situation, and cannot reason out what to do, he observes a model who seems able to get the right result. The child looks for an authority or expert who can show what to do.There is a second element at work in this situation. The child may be able to attain his immediate goal only to find that his method brings criticism from people who observe him. When shouting across the house achieves his immediate end of delivering a message, he is told emphatically that such a racket is unpleasant, that he should walk into the next room and say his say quietly. Thus, the desire to solve any objective situation is overlaid with the desire to solve it properly. One of the early things the child learns is that he gets more affection and approval when his parents like his response. Then other adults reward some actions and criticize others. If one is to maintain the support of others and his own self-respect, he must adopt responses his social group approves.In finding trial responses, the learner does not choose models at random. He imitates the person who seems a good person to be like, rather than a person whose social status he wishes to avoid. If the pupil wants to be a good violinist, he will observe and try to copy the techniques of capable players; while some other person may most influence his approach to books.Admiration of one quality often leads us to admire a person as a whole, and he becomes an identifying figure. We use some peo。