Test 5 词汇与结构.doc

Test 51 主谓一致 【1】当 the rest, the last, all, most, half, none 等作主语时，谓语动词形式取决于其所代表的名词：如所指为复数意义，谓语动词用复数形式；如所指为单数意义，谓语动词用单数形式关于主谓一致，参见 P8.2时间 If 从句谓语动词形式 主句谓语动词形式过去 Had done Would/should/could/might +have done现在 Did/were Would/should/could/might +do将来 Did/were to/should doWould/should/could/might +do5 动名词的逻辑主语；某些动词后面接动名词 admit, appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, deny, imagine, mind, miss, practice, postpone, quit, resist, risk, suggest, quit, enjoy, finish.(如考到后两词，那属于弱智题，这类弱智题曾在 03p5345、46、51 出现过)Deserve, need, require, want 以及形容词 worth 后接动名词，但主动形式表示被动意义。

Be accustomed to, be used to, devote to, dedicate to, look forward to, lead to, contribute to, object to, stick to, get down to, see to.这里的 to 都是介词，后面只能接动名词be busy, cannot help, confess to, give up, have Comment [h1]: 07,38Comment [h2]: 07,36trouble(in), have difficulty(in ), it is no use/good7倒装 1 当句首为 here, there, up, down, away, now等副词，谓语动词为 be, go, come等时，主谓要完全倒装，但主语若是人称代词，则主谓不用倒装Now comes your turn. Here he comes.2 否定词或带有否定意义的短语位于句首时，要倒装，如hardly, never, rarely, seldom, not only…but also, at no time, no sooner…than，hardly…when等。

Little did he realize that he had made a serious mistake in the experiment.No sooner had he come into the room than the telephone rang.3 only+状语位于句首时，要倒装Only in this way can we solve the problem.4 在 so/such…that结构中，so/such 位于句首时，要倒装So clear was the statement that it couldn’t be misunderstood.5 as 引导的让步状语从句可用倒装表示强调Young as he is, he is quite experienced in this work.Child as he is, he can speak English fluently.8 could have done 表示本来能够，习惯上没有 can have done 这种表达法May/might have done 表示对过去发生事件的推测，表示有可能。

10 强调句句型强调句的基本句型：it is/was +被强调的句子成分+that/who(注意强调人的时候，可以用 who)+句子的其他成分被强调的成分可以是除了谓语之外的任何成分It was Doctor Smith that(who)gave us a lecture last week.It was last summer that my daughter learned to swim.It was in my bag that I found the book.注意主谓一致：it is I that am to present the program.注意不和 it was so/such …that 混淆11 conjure up 犹如变魔术一般突然出现Make for 走向，前进，有利于，移向，攻击，造成Rest on sth 依据，根据 his fame rests more on his plays than on his novels.他的名声主要是靠戏剧，而不是小说12 get across 被理解; come around= come away 脱落，来访，前来，苏醒，复原Go by 受指导，遵照 that’s a good rule to go by.Make out 看出来，认出来，读出来 I could just make out a figure in the darkness.13 tend to 走向，趋向 tend 照料，看护Incline to 倾向于，赞同 he inclined to laziness.14 pull through/round 康复，复原 pull up 使车辆停止；pull out （火车）离站，离开，不愿做15 than what what 省略16 confess 坦白，忏悔；confirm 证实，确认 affirm 断言；confuse 困惑，难以理解；confine 把…限制于。

17 persist in doing sth 坚持不懈做 insist 坚持某种主张Resist 后接动名词18 glamour 魅力，魔力，迷人的力量19 confirm 证实，证明；批准、确认（权力、职位）19 diminish 减少，降低，削弱 Withdraw 收回，取回，提取，撤出，撤回21 or rather 倒不如说，或者更确切地说，即，就是 by and large 大体上，总的说来22 out of place 不在适当的地方；不合适的 live beyond one’s means 生活超出范围； at one’s leisure 在…闲暇的时候 around the clock 夜以继日地，昼夜不停地23 in view of 鉴于，考虑到 with a view to 为了，为的是 vision 想象力，幻想，幻觉；insight 洞察力，洞悉，深刻的见解24 attitude 态度；altitude 海拔，高度；latitude 纬度；aptitude 资质，才能，天资26 arise arouse rise raise arise: 产生，出现，发生。

强调事物产生的结果，主要用于问题、困难等不好的事情的产生、发生、出现，不及物动词arouse: 唤醒，引起，激起，指激起唤起某人的情感，常接 anger, curiosity, fear, interest, sympathy, suspicion 等体现感情、情绪、心理、态度之类的词 rise: 升起，上升，上涨，不及物动词 raise: 举起，提高，及物动词 28 give away 泄漏秘密 give out 分发；give off 发出（蒸汽或光等）Give over 非正式用语，停止做某事31 advance 提升，推进，提出； conceive 构想出，怀孕 deceive 欺骗32 elaborate 详尽的，精心制作的 graceful 优美的，优雅的，得体的 royal 王室的，国王的 tedious 冗长乏味的34 restrain [v] restraint[n]； stain 沾污，污染 scarcity 缺乏，不足35 refute 反驳，驳斥; reject 拒绝，丢掉。