土木工程专业英语第一章.ppt

土木工程专业英语土木工程专业英语 English for Civil Engineering Teacher：张文刚：张文刚 Tel：： 15288931932 E-mail：：455458905@.com2021/8/61目录目录 IntroductionIntroduction1 1 Unit 1 Civil EngineeringUnit 1 Civil Engineering2 2 Unit 2 Structural Engineering: Tall BuildingUnit 2 Structural Engineering: Tall Building Unit 5 Road EngineeringUnit 5 Road Engineering3 34 45 5 Unit 4 Bridge EngineeringUnit 4 Bridge Engineering Unit 9 Construction MaterialsUnit 9 Construction Materials6 6 Unit 10 SurveyingUnit 10 Surveying7 7 Unit 11 Construction EngineeringUnit 11 Construction Engineering8 82021/8/62Introduction1、Why ？2、How？（1）Further Study（2）Work（3）International MarketsNO WAYS BUT READING MORE2021/8/63Unit 1 Civil Engineering1、Words and Expressions（1）Shelter [‘ʃeltə] n 居所，庇护所（2）Irrigation [ˌɪrɪˈɡeʃn] n 灌溉，冲洗（3）Pyramid [‘pɪrəmɪd] n 金字塔（4）Thin shell structure 薄壳结构（5）Geotechnical [,dʒio‘tɛknɪkl] adj 土工技术的（6）Municipal [mjʊ‘nɪsɪp(ə)l] adj 市政的（7）Coastal [‘kəʊstl] adj 沿海的，海岸的（8）Biological [baɪə(ʊ)‘lɒdʒɪk(ə)l] adj 生物的（9）Thermal [‘θɜːm(ə)l] adj 热的，热量的（10）Purification [,pjʊərɪfɪ‘keɪʃən] n 净化、提纯（11）Remediation [rɪ,miːdɪ‘eɪʃ(ə)n] n 补救，矫正 2021/8/64Unit 1 Civil Engineering每节英语Stay hungry. Stay foolish.求知若渴；大智若愚。

2021/8/65Unit 1 Civil Engineering1、Words and Expressions（12）geology [dʒɪ‘ɒlədʒɪ] n 地质学，地质情况（13）hydraulic [haɪ‘drɒlɪk] adj 水利的（14）retaining wall 挡土墙（15）spawn [spɔːn] v 造成，酿成（16）geoenvironmental engineering 环境岩土工程（17）flyover [‘flaɪəʊvə] n 天桥，立交桥（18）off-shore structure 近海结构 （19）conducive [kən‘djuːsɪv] adj 有益的，有助于..的（20）vibrant [‘vaɪbrənt] adj 有活力的，振动的（21）canal [kə‘næl] n 运河，灌溉水渠（22）mass transit 公共交通，大众运输 2021/8/66Unit 1 Civil Engineering1、Words and Expressions（23）queueing theory 排队论，大系统服务理论（24）pavement [‘peɪvm(ə)nt] n 路面（25）infrastructure [‘ɪnfrəstrʌktʃə] n 基础设施，（26）sidewalk [‘saɪdwɔːk] n 人行道（27）sewer [‘suːə; ’sjuːə] n 下水道（28）conduit [‘kɒndjʊɪt; ’kɒndɪt] n 沟渠，导水管（29）access chamber 通道井（30）meteorology [,miːtɪə‘rɒlədʒɪ] n 气象学（31）conservation [kɒnsə‘veɪʃ(ə)n] n 保存，保持（32）aquifer [‘ækwɪfə] n 蓄水层（33）conveyance [kən‘veɪəns] n 运输 2021/8/67Unit 1 Civil Engineering（33）culverts 涵洞（34）levee [‘levɪ; lɪ’viː] n 堤坝（35）statics [‘stætɪks] n 静力学（36）dynamics [daɪ‘næmɪks] n 动力学（37）jurisdiction [,dʒʊərɪs‘dɪkʃ(ə)n] n 管辖区（38）erosion [ɪ‘rəʊʒ(ə)n] 侵蚀，腐蚀（39）level [‘lev(ə)l] n 水准仪（40）theodolite [θɪ‘ɒdəlaɪt] n 经纬仪（41）angular deviation 角度偏差（42）computerisation [kəm,pju:tərai‘zeiʃən] n电子计算机化（43）total station 全站仪（44）GPS 2021/8/68Unit 1 Civil Engineering1、Words and Expressions（45）laser scanning 激光扫描（46）license [‘laɪsns] n 执照，许可证（47）lay out 安排，展示（48）tramway [‘træmweɪ] n 电车，电车轨道（49）logistical [lə‘dʒɪstɪkl] adj 后勤的（50）shaky [‘ʃeɪkɪ] adj 摇晃的 2021/8/69Unit 1 Civil Engineering2、Sentence Translation Due to the nature of some loading conditions, sub-disciplines within structural engineering have emerged, including wind engineering and earthquake engineering.由于荷载的一些性质，结构工程学科出现了子学科，包括风工程（风力工程）和地震工程。

2021/8/610Unit 1 Civil Engineering2、Sentence Translation The loads can be self weight of the structures, other dead load, live loads, moving (wheel) load, wind load, earthquake load, load from temperature change, etc. 荷载可以是结构自重，其他的恒载，动荷载，轮载，风荷载，地震荷载，温度荷载等2021/8/611Unit 1 Civil Engineering2、Sentence Translation The structural engineer must design structures to be safe for their users and to successfully fulfill the function they are design for (to be serviceable). 结构工程师必须为他们的用户设计安全的结构，并成功地实现他们的设计初衷。

2021/8/612Unit 1 Civil Engineering2、Sentence Translation Figure 1-1 shows the Petronas Towers in Malaysia which were the tallest buildings in the world from 1998 to 2004.图1-1为马来西亚双子星塔，是世界上最高的建筑(1998到2004)2021/8/613Unit 1 Civil Engineering2、Sentence Translation Transportation engineering is concerned with moving people and goods efficiently, safely, and in a manner conducive to a vibrant community.交通运输工程与人类出行和货物转运的高效率、安全有关，并有利于一个充满活力的社会2021/8/614Unit 1 Civil Engineering2、Sentence Translation This involves specifying, designing, constructing, and maintaining transportation infrastructure which includes streets, canals, highways, rail systems, airports, ports, and mass transit. 这涉及到规划（详细的、明确的、指定性的），设计，建设，维护交通基础设施，包括道路，公路，运河，铁路，机场，港口，和公共交通。

2021/8/615Unit 1 Civil Engineering2、Sentence Translation It includes areas such as transportation design, transportation planning, traffic engineering, some aspects of urban engineering, queueing theory, pavement engineering, intelligent transportation system, and infrastructure management. 它包括诸如交通设计，交通规划，交通工程，城市建设工程的某些方面，大交通系统服务理论，路面工程，智能交通系统，和基础设施管理2021/8/616Unit 1 Civil Engineering2、Sentence Translation Figure 1-2shows Sutong Bridge in China, which was the cable-stayed bridge with the longest main span in the world as of 2010.图1-2中国苏通大桥，这是世界上斜拉桥主跨度（1088m，最大斜拉桥主跨是俄罗斯的跨东博斯鲁斯海峡的俄罗斯岛大桥，其主跨1104米）最长的大桥。

2021/8/617Unit 1 Civil Engineering每节英语Don't cry because it is over. Smile because it happened.不要因为结束而哭泣微笑吧，因为你曾拥有 2021/8/618Unit 1 Civil Engineering2、Sentence Translation Geotechnical engineering is an area of civil engineering concerned with the rock and soil that civil engineering systems are supported by. 岩土工程是土木工程中与岩土有关的支撑土木工程系统的学科领域2021/8/619Unit 1 Civil Engineering2、Sentence Translation Knowledge from the fields of geology, material science and testing, mechanics, and hydraulics are applied by geotechnical engineers to safely and economically design foundations, retaining walls, and similar structures. 地质学、材料科学和测试，力学，水力学等方面的知识被应用于岩土工程中来设计安全、经济的基础、挡土墙、和类似的结构。

2021/8/620Unit 1 Civil Engineering2、Sentence Translation Figure 1-3 shows the deep excavation of Pingan International Finance Centre (IFC) in Shenzhen, China.图1-3所示中国深圳平安国际金融中心（IFC）的深基坑2021/8/621Unit 1 Civil Engineering2、Sentence Translation With computerization, electronic distance measurement (EDM), total stations, GPS surveying and laster scanning have supplemented (and to a large extent supplanted) the traditional optical instruments. 伴随着计算机程序化，电子测距（EDM），全站仪，GPS测量和激光扫描补充（并在很大程度上）取代了传统的光学仪器。

2021/8/622Unit 1 Civil Engineering2、Sentence Translation So the behaviour of the structure depends on the behaviour of the basic elements, i.e. on the various characteristics and properties of the construction materials. 所以结构物的特性取决于基本要素的特性，即建筑材料中的各种特征和性质2021/8/623Unit 1 Civil Engineering2、Sentence Translation Such properties may be classified into various categories as follows: physical properties, mechanical properties, chemical properties, electrical properties, magnetic properties, optical properties and thermal properties.这种特性可分为不同的类别：物理性能，力学性能，化学性能，电气性能，磁性能，光学性能和热力性能。

2021/8/624Unit 1 Civil Engineering2、Sentence Translation From constructional aspects, the physical and mechanical properties are predominant. Hence, it is essential for a civil engineer to have knowledge on the various physical and mechanical properties of construction materials.从建筑方面（结构、构造上）来说，主要是物理和力学性能因此，一名土木工程师拥有施工材料的各种物理力学性能的知识是必不可少的2021/8/625Unit 1 Civil Engineering每节英语Who dares to all that may become a man, and dares no more, he is a man indeed.（Shakespeare）能屈能伸，方为大丈夫 2021/8/626Unit 1 Civil Engineering2、Sentence Translation Surveying is the process by which a surveyor measures certain dimensions that generally occur on the surface of the Earth.测量是测量员对地球地貌进行确切尺寸测量（度量）的过程。

2021/8/627Unit 1 Civil Engineering2、Sentence Translation Surveying equipment, such as levels and theodolites, are used for accurate measurement of angular deviation, horizontal, vertical and slope distances.如水准仪和经纬仪等测量设备，用于精确测量角度偏差、水平（位置）、垂直（距离）和斜距2021/8/628Unit 1 Civil Engineering2、Sentence Translation With computerization, electronic distance measurement (EDM), total stations, GPS surveying and laster scanning have supplemented (and to a large extent supplanted) the traditional optical instruments. 伴随着计算机程序化，电子测距（EDM），全站仪，GPS测量和激光扫描补充（并在很大程度上）取代了传统的光学仪器。

2021/8/629Unit 1 Civil Engineering2、Sentence Translation This information is crucial to convert the data into a graphical representation of the Earth’s surface, in the form of a map. 此信息对数据转换成地图的形式来表示地貌是至关重要的2021/8/630Unit 1 Civil Engineering2、Sentence Translation This information is then used by civil engineers， contractors and even realtors to design from， built on， and trade， respectively.然后，此信息分别被土木工程师，承建商和开发商利用来设计，建造，和交易2021/8/631Unit 1 Civil Engineering2、Sentence Translation Elements of a building or structure must be correctly sized and positioned in relation to each other and to site boundaries and adjacent structures. 一个建筑或结构的组成部分必须是尺寸合适、彼此之间位置设置合理，并与临近建筑物设置界线。

2021/8/632Unit 1 Civil Engineering2、Sentence Translation Although surveying is a distinct profession with separate qualifications and licensing arrangements， civil engineers are trained in the basics of surveying and mapping.虽然测量学是一个拥有独立资格许可证的专业，但是土木工程一般也会在测绘、地理信息系统方面进行一些基础的训练2021/8/633Unit 1 Civil Engineering2、Sentence Translation Surveyors may also lay out the routes of railways, tramway tracks, highways, roads, pipelines and streets as well as position other infrastructures, such as harbors, before construction.测量员也给出了（展示）了铁路，电车，高速公路，公路、道路，管线和街道的路径以及其他基础设施如施工前的码头的位置。

2021/8/634Unit 1 Civil Engineering2、Sentence Translation Construction engineering involves planning and execution of the designs from transportation, site development, hydraulic, environmental, structural and geotechnical engineers. 施工涉及规划以及工程师对交通、建设场地位置设置、水利、环境、结构和岩土等设计的执行2021/8/635Unit 1 Civil Engineering2、Sentence Translation As construction firms tend to have higher business risk than other types of civil engineering firms, many construction engineers tend to take on a role that is more business-like in nature: drafting and reviewing contracts, evaluating logistical operations, and closely-monitoring prices of necessary supplies.作为施工企业，往往从事比其他类型的土木工程公司风险更高的业务，许多建筑工程师往往扮演一种本质上更具商业性质的角色：起草和审核合同，评估运作逻辑（模式），和对必要物资价格的密切监控2021/8/636Unit 1 Civil Engineering每节英语He who would search for pearl must dive deep.不入虎穴，焉得虎子。

2021/8/637Unit 1 Civil Engineering练习一At 410m(plus its 35.9m masr),the building will be taller than the main tower at Canary Wharf(250m), at present the highest office building in Britain. It will also be taller than Europe’s current tallest building, the new Commerzbank headquarters in Frankfurt(307.5m), also designed by Foster and Partners.2021/8/638Unit 1 Civil Engineering练习二课本P15第二段 练习三Writing：Which sub-discipline do you like in civil engineering （≥300words）2021/8/639。