M6U1Grammarandusage(教育精品).doc

Grammar Overview: infinitive, verb-ing and verb-ed动词的三种形态，不能独立在句中做 ，必须与 或者 一起充当谓语成分三种形式：动词不定式，表示 动作 动词-ing，表示 动作 动词-ed，表示 动作主宾宾补表定状不定式动名词现在分词过去分词一． 做主语eg: To see is to believe.To recover lost time is impossible. → Notice 1: 单个不定式作主语时,谓语动词用 若不定式太长,往往用 作形式主语,不定式置后eg: Fighting broke out between the South and the North.It’s no use learning lots of words without knowing how to use them.→ Notice 2: 动词不定式作主语和动名词作主语的区别：(1) 作主语常表示具体的某一动作； 作主语表示泛指或一般的抽象概念(2)在there / it+be +no use / good/help / need之后常用 作主语Notice3: 不定式可以和when / where /how /what / whether等连用，在句中作主语、宾语和表语，而动名词则不能。

二． 做宾语eg: He decided (work) harder in order to catch up with the others.口诀： 决心学会想希望， 拒绝设法愿假装， 主动应答选计划， 同意请求帮一帮 eg. I would appreciate you (call) back tonight.口诀：考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想， 避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏， 禁止想象才冒险，不禁建议准逃亡。

某些特殊动词：forget to do sth forget doing remember to do sth remember doing sth regret to do sth regret doing sth stop to do sth stop doing sth try to do sth try doing sth mean to do sth mean doing sth go on to sth go on doing sth Want, need, require三． 宾补V1 + sb. + to do sth. V2 + sb. + do sth “五看三使二听二味一感觉” eg: You don’t have to make Paul (learn) French. →Paul doesn’t have to be made (learn) French不定式用在介词but, except, besides后时如果这些介词前有行为动词do无to,无do加to。

Eg : (1)She could do nothing but (cry).(2)I have no choice but (go).(3)What do you like to do besides (sleep).V + sb. + doing sth.Eg: I saw Mary (lie)on bed, crying, when I ran into the classroom.Mother found the boy (smoke) in the corner.V + sb. / sth.+ done sth.Eg: I need this chapter (rewrite) before tomorrow.Arriving at the station, we found the train (go)already.四 作定语☆动词不定式作定语1. 表示将要发生的动作He has no wish (see) her. (表主动)The power station (build)next year will be of great value to the people. (表被动)2. 在序数词、形容词最高级、 the first， the last, the only 等修饰的名词后作定语。

eg: He is always the first to come and the last to leave. 3. 若作定语的不定式是不及物动词,或者及物动词与被修饰的词不能构成动宾关系时,则不定式动词后须加上适当的介词 eg: He is looking for a room . 他正在找房子住 ☆动名词作定语 -ing 形式和所修饰的名词在逻辑上有 关系,表示这个名词(人或物)的动作或状态,相当于一个定语从句如:These (dance) girls (= these girls ) are from my class.现在分词形式主动被动一般式完成式☆过去分词作定语1. A letter （post）this morning will probably reach her tomorrow.过去分词所表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生,并且表被动2. I don’t like to see the letter （write）in pencil.没有一定的时间性,仅表示被动。

3.已升起的太阳 = the sun which has risen 落叶 = 表示已经完成的动作,动词通常为 动词4. 现在正在讨论的问题很重要The question (discuss)is important.如过去分词作定语时所表示的动作正在发生,其结构为 Conclusion:1. The following verbs are normally followed by the infinitive.afford, agree, appear, arrange, ask, attempt, care, choose, claim, come, dare, decide, demand, deserve, determine, elect ,expect, fail, get, guarantee, hate, help, hesitate hope, hurry, intend, learn, long, manage, mean, need, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise refuse, seem, tend, threaten, want, wish 2. The following verbs are normally followed by V-ing. 　avoid, consider, delay, deny, dislike, endure, enjoy, escape, forgive, finish, imagine, keep, mind, miss, pardon, prevent, resist, suggest, understand, can’t help3. The。