构词法 Word Formation 合成、转化和派生 英语知识点梳理汇总.doc

构词法 Word Formation在英语中，词的构成方式主要有三种：合成、转化和派生一、 合成 Compounding 两个或更多的词合成一个词方式：1. 直接写在一起 2. 用连字符(-)连接 3. 由两个分开的词构成1) 合成形容词方式例词1形容词＋形容词red-hot2形容词＋名词first-class, full-time, part-time3形容词＋现在分词good-looking, free-thinking, 4形容词＋过去分词ready-made5形容词＋名词-edgood-tempered, middle-aged, cold-blooded6名词＋名词-ediron-willed7名词＋形容词world-famous, day-long 8名词＋现在分词beauty-loving, freedom-loving, job-hunting, 9名词＋过去分词man-made, water-covered, 10副词＋形容词ever-green11副词＋现在分词hard-working, far-seeing12副词＋过去分词well-prepared, quickly-cured, well-known13数词＋名词five-year14数词＋名词+形容词five-year-old15数词＋名词-edfour-legged, six-storied (2)合成动词构成方式例词1名词＋动词day-dream2副词＋动词overcome, upturn翻起3形容词＋动词white-wash(3)合成名词构成方式例词1名词＋名词horseback , bank-note, newspaper, cellphone, 2形容词＋名词back-yard, forehead, 3动名词＋名词hiding place, reading-room4动词＋副词get-off, break in, 5副词＋动词output, overflow(4)合成副词however, maybe, wherever, whenever, forever (5)合成代词whoever,, whatever, everyone, nobody, myself, something, anything, 二、派生 Derivation前缀前缀含义例词a-处在……arise, aside, aloneen-使可能enrich, enable, enslavedis-不，否定dissatisfy, dishonest, disappear, disorder, disagreeun-不做相反动作unable, unknown, uncommon, uncomfortable, unfair, unclose, undress, uncover, untiein-im-ir-il-不，非inactive, incapable, inpatient, incorrect impossible, impersonal, impolite, immature, impracticalirregular, irresponsibleillogical, non-不，非non existent, non-interference, non-conductor, non-stopde-向相反方向发展Decentralize（分散）, defrost（解冻）anti-反（对）anti-freeze, anti-fascistmis-错误的，坏的misdoings, misunderstand, misfortunere重复，再rewrite, remarry, reunite, recycle, co-共同co-exist, co-operate, co-educationex以前的Ex-husband, ex-presidenttele远程telephone, telegraph, telescopesuper-在上面，超级supermarket, superpower, under-在……之下underline, underestimate, underground, inter-相互，之间international, interact, inter-changesub-下，次subtitle, submarine, subconscious, subcontinent, trans-过，穿过，变transformation(变形), translatevice-副vice-premier, vice-presidentsemi-半semifinal, semicircle, semi-automaticbi两个bicycle, biennial两年一次的tri三个triangle三角形, tricycle三轮脚踏车, triplets三胞胎mul-多，多种multiply, multi-national, multi-colouredkilo-千kilometre, kilogram 后缀 后 缀例 词名词-erfarmer, weaver, pain-killer, murderer, , villager, stranger, speaker, cooker, recorder, heater-essactress, waitress, princess, hostess-orconductor, sailor, transistor, operator, -arbeggar-eseChinese, Portuguese, Japanese-ianmusician, Egyptian, physician-istscientist, dentist, communist, socialist, -ent/-antassistant -mentargument, judgment, government-nesshappiness, greatness, illness, coldness, sleeplessness-tiondictation, preparation, repetition, action, information, invention-ingbuilding, wedding, painting-shipleadership, friendship, hardship-ageshortage, marriage, leakage-tyloyalty, cruelty, penalty, sixty, twenty, thirty, certainty-thtruth, warmth, length, growth, fifteenth, fourth-anceacceptance, assistance, reliance, appearance-encedependence, confidence, reference, entrance, defence-fulmouthful, handful, plateful, -alrefusal, denial, arrival-ydifficulty, possibility, -domfreedom, wisdom, kingdom-ismsocialism, materialism注意： -ese, -ian, -ist 既可以构成名词，又可以构成形容词。

er 构成的名词，既有表示人的，又有表示物的后 缀例 词形容词-alcentral, industrial, national, natural-anEuropean, American, Australian-erneastern, northern, southern-ablereasonable, horrible, terrible, believable, comfortable, forgettable, sensible-fulcareful, cheerful, grateful, faithful, -ishchildish, Swedish, selfish-ivedestructive, collective, active, creative, effective-ythirsty, dirty, windy, sunny, cloudy, healthy, funny-lesscareless, hopeless, helpless, homeless, sleepless, fearless, limitless-engolden, wooden, woolen-ouscourageous, famous, continuous, serious, various-aryimaginary, revolutionary, secondary-icrealistic, historic, poetic-sometroublesome, burdensome, lonesome, handsome-likechildlike, womanlike, manlike-antignorant, significant, observant, important-entdiligent, silent, excellent, frequent -lylively, friendly, lovely, weekly, brotherly, motherly-ishchildish, foolish后 缀例 词动词-izerealize, modernize, mechanize, criticize, -enwiden, strengthen, lengthen, sharpen, widen, shorten, quicken, deepen-fySimplify, beautify, terrify, 后 缀例 词副词-ward(s)forward, northward, backward, downward-lyslowly, quickly, carefully, loudly, happily, friendly三、转化 Conversion: 指一个词不变化词形，而由一种此类转化为另一种词类或几种词类。

1. 名词和动词之间的转化telephone——打, mirror镜子——像镜子一样反映, drink喝——饮料, record录音——记录, name, date, hand, study, 2. 形容词转化为动词 。