定语从句关系副词讲解及练习.doc

定语从句中关系副词的用法关系副词，顾名思义，是联系先行词和定语从句的词，属于副词定语从句中的关系副词有三个：when, where和why，它们在定语从句中分别作时间、地点和原因状语其句法结构如下：  表时间的名词 + when + 定语从句  when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语 例句：I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.      I’ll never forget the day when I joined the army.  表地点的名词 + where + 定语从句  where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语例句：The factory where his father works is in the west of the city.      This is the house where I lived two years ago.  表原因的名词reason + why + 定语从句(why只用于reason之后的限制性定语从句中,在定语从句中作原因状语)例句：That is the reason why I did the job.(在现代英语中why可以省略)  上句也可以这样表示：      That is the reason I did the job. 又如：     This was the reason (why )we raised the temperature.关系副词在定语从句中的用法看似简单，以下注意点不可忽视：1）“when”、“where”和“why”的运用取就于表时间的名词、表地点的名词和表原因的名词reason在定语从句中所作的成分，比较下面的几组句子：*I will never forget the day when I first met you on the seashore.*I will never forget the days which/that we spent together in Xueyao Middle School.**This is the hospital where my mother works.**This is the hospital which/that we visited the day before yesterday.***The reason why he did not go to school is that he was ill.***This is the reason which/that he gave his boss in the office .2) “when”、“where”和“why”都可以替换成“介词 + which”，介词的选用取就于先行词和定语从句中的动词。

例如：Do you still remember the day on which we first met in Nantong?(on which=when)This is the room in which we lived last year.(in which=where)Do you know the reason for which he refused to go to Mary’s birthday party. (for which=why)有时定语从句中介词短语和动词有意义紧密的修饰关系，尤其在非限制性定语从句中，常使用“介词 + which”结构，而不使用关系副词例如：My mother works in a factory, in front of which there is a small river.At night the soldiers got to a small hill, at the foot of which stood a farmhouse.3) 关系副词“when”、“where”既可引导限制性定语从句，也可引导非限制性定语从句  例如：I will always remember the day when I first visited the Great Wall.      He came to Shanghai in 1980, when he was only 12.      I don’t know the exact spot where they will meet.      Mr Wang will fly to Beijing, where he will stay for three months.有时关系副词“when”、“where”引导的限制性定语从句和先行词有间隔的现象，是为了平衡句子的语法需要。

  Do you remember one afternoon ten years ago when I came to your house and borrowed a diamond necklace?  The days are gone forever when the Chinese people used “foreign oil.”.4) “that”可活用为关系副词，相当于“when, where、why”和“介词 + which”结构，尤其在“the time when”等结构中的“when”常被“that”代替，而且“that”往往省略 I may leave here any time I want to. During the time I was there I visited him twice. This is my second time I have come to your country.5) “which”有时可用作关系形容词，这是“which”在非限制性定语从句中的特殊使用，如：The doctor advised him to give up smoking, which advice he did not follow. 定语从句专项练习1．This is the place_____ John was born?    A．which  B．where  C. when  D．that2.  He is the only person ____ I want to talk to.    A. that   B. which   C. who   D. whose 3．Is this problem _____the teacher explained last week?  A． the one  B．that  C．which D．one4．The high building _____ stand four policemen is the police station．  A．which    B．that  C．in front of it   D. in front of which5．My mother will give Mary a model plane_____ she will like to play．  A．which    B．that  C．for which    D．with which6．The film brought the hours back to me_____ I was taken good care of in that far away village.   A．until  B．that  C when D．where7．There are times_____ I wonder why I do this job．  A．as  B．while  C．which  D．when8．After living in London for thirty years，Mr Smith returned to the small town_____ he grew up as a child．      A．which  B．where  C that  D．when9．They had a long talk about the persons and things_____ they both knew．  A．whom  B．what  C. that  D．which10．That is the very book______ I am looking for.   A．that  B．which  C．what  D．as11．Who is the scientist_____ is going to give us a talk on space this Sunday?    A．that  B．who  C. which  D．whom12．I don't like the way_____ you speak to your teacher．          A．／  B．in that  C. which  D．of which13．Could you tell me when to get the book______ I want to read?    A．what  B．who  C．／  D．it14．The days_____ we spent in Tokyo together will never be forgotten.    A. when  B．which  C．who  D．on which15．A pen friend of mine______ I often receive letters asked me for some Chinese coins.  A．who    B．whom   C．to who    D．from  whom16. Don't forget the day_____ you were admitted to Beijing University.  A．when    B．that  C．at which   D. where17．Perhaps this is the only shop_____ you can get such cheap goods.  A. that    B．of which    C．by which    D．where18．I can still remember the place_____  my brother and I used to sit in the evening.   A．which  B．what  C .that  D．where 19．_______ is often the case, we have worked out the production plan.   A. Which    B. When      C. What    D. As20．All ____ is needed is a supply of oil.   A. the thing  B. what  C. that   D. which21．He was seriously ill when he was a child, ____ made him lose his sight.  A. as   B. that   C. which    D. it  22．In t。