
液晶光阀特殊电光特性影响-毕业论文.doc
53页汕头大学硕士学位论文目 录目 录 Ⅰ 摘 要 Ⅲ Abstract Ⅳ 第1章 绪论 1 1.1 液晶基础知识 1 1.1.1 液晶的基本概念 1 1.1.2 液晶显示器件(LCD) 2 1.2 液晶的光学性质 3 1.2.1 液晶的双折射现象 3 1.2.2 液晶的温度与光学性质 61.2.3 夹在两偏振片之间的液晶 7第2章 液晶显示器件的电光效应 9 2.1 液晶显示器件的阈值电压及饱和电压 9 2.2 液晶显示器件的响应时间 11 2.3 液晶显示器件的工作模式 13 2.3.1 TN-LCD(扭曲向列型液晶显示器) 13 2.3.2 STN-LCD(超扭曲向列型液晶显示器) 142.3.3 TFT-LCD(薄膜晶体管液晶显示器) 17第3章 温度对液晶光阀电光特性的影响 193.1 环境温度对液晶显示器件电光特性的影响 19 3.2 液晶光阀的工作原理 20 3.3 环境温度对液晶光阀电光特性的影响 21 3.3.1 环境温度对液晶光阀阈值电压与饱和电压的影响 21 3.3.2 环境温度对液晶光阀响应时间的影响 27 第4章 不同驱动方式下液晶光阀的电光特性研究 32 4.1 频率驱动下液晶光阀的电光特性 32 4.1.1 频率驱动下液晶光阀的阈值电压和饱和电压的研究 32 4.1.2 频率驱动下液晶光阀响应时间的研究 36 4.2 电压驱动下液晶光阀的电光特性 38 4.2.1 实验仪器 38 4.2.2 实验结果 40 第5章 结论 43 参考文献 45 致谢 47 攻读硕士期间完成和发表的论文 48 摘 要液晶具有介电各向异性和电导各向异性,外加电场或磁场使液晶分子排列发生变化,即外场改变了液晶分子的指向矢方向,从而可以对光进行调制,液晶显示器件(LCD)就是利用液晶的这种特性而研制的。
它具有功耗低,光学特性好,寿命长等优点,但是,它也有着严重的缺点:温度特性不好由于液晶材料的物理特性受温度的影响非常大,液晶在极冷的情况下会渐渐成为真正的晶体,而在过热的情况下又会成为各向同性物质或纯液体使得液晶显示器件在高温下显示的字符或图形与其衬底产生失真,衬底也变黑,清晰度下降;而在低温时其显示又滞后,也影响了清晰度因此环境温度的变化对液晶显示器件的影响非常大本文主要研究了环境温度对液晶光阀特殊电光特性的影响,同时还研究了频率驱动下及电压驱动下液晶光阀的电光特性研究发现,液晶光阀的阈值电压和饱和电压均是温度的函数,随着温度的升高阈值电压和饱和电压均降低,这是由于在较低的温度下,液晶材料变得粘稠,分子的运动需要更多的能量,液晶在与常温同样的电压影响下很难进行物理旋转,所以提高液晶光阀的驱动电压,可以加速液晶分子的运动,使其达到显示效果;陡度因子也是随着温度的变化而变化的,温度升高,陡度因子增大,陡度因子越大表示液晶光阀显示的信息量越小当温度下降时,液晶光阀的响应时间增长,而且下降时间tf要比上升时间tr变化的缓慢一些,0℃或以下温度时,图像已出现拖影现象;在-15℃以下温度时所显示的画面不再能为观看者所接受。
解决液晶显示器件在低温下启动并工作的途径一般是改善液晶的工作温度氛围,即在液晶显示器件周围营造一个小的温度场,不管在什么样的低温条件下,总是给其提供一个适当的小温度环境,使液晶能正常地工作研究还发现,阈值电压和饱和电压均随频率的增大而增大,且其陡度因子在100Hz时达到最小而频率对液晶光阀的响应时间影响不大,但频率过低或过高都会影响液晶器件的显示特性,因此通常情况下液晶显示器件的驱动频率为100Hz本论文的结论为液晶显示器件在环境温度变化较大的条件下使用并提高其显示稳定性和显示信息容量提供依据,具有实际应用价值关键词:液晶光阀 电光特性 温度 频率 电压AbstractLiquid crystal is the dielectric anisotropy and conductance anisotropy. External electric field or magnetic field makes liquid crystal molecules change, so is optical modulated. Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) is the use of these characteristics and developed. It has low power consumption, good optical properties, longevity advantages, but it also has serious disadvantage: not good temperature characteristics. As the liquid crystal material,s physical properties affected by the temperature is very great. Liquid crystal in a very cold situation will gradually become a genuine crystal in the case of overheating will be isotropic material or pure liquid. This make the characters or graphics distortion with the substrate in a high temperature, the substrate is black, clarity declined; while at low temperature lags behind its shows, it will also affect its clarity. Thus environmental temperature affects the LCD very great. The paper studies of the environmental temperature effects LCLV special electro-optical properties. Also research electro-optical properties of LCLV driven by the frequency and voltage. Study found that the threshold voltage and saturation voltage of LCLV are a function of temperature. With the rise of temperature threshold voltage and saturation voltage are reduced. This is due to in the lower temperature liquid crystal materials become viscosity, molecular movement needs more energy, liquid crystal with the same voltage at room temperature is difficult to rotate. So increased the actuation voltage, the liquid crystal molecules can accelerate the campaign to reach the display. Steepness factor also change with the temperature. The higher is the temperature, the greater is the steepness factor. The greater is the steepness factor, the smaller amount LCLV display. When the temperature drops, the response time of LCLV grow. And the change of falling time tf is slower than the rising time tr. At 0℃ or lower, the image begin to delay, and below -15 ℃ the image is not accepted. The way that starts the LCD at low temperature is improve the LCD temperature atmosphere, which create a small temperature field around the LCD, no matter what kind of low-temperature conditions, always provide an appropriate small temperature environment in which the LCD can normally work. The study also found that the threshold voltage and the saturation voltage are raised when the frequency increases, and its steepness factor in the 100Hz achieve minimum. But the frequency of LCLV affect the response time little. However, the frequency is too low or too high will affect the display of the LCD, so under normal circumstances LCD driver frequency is 100Hz. The conclusions of the paper provide a basis for using and enhancing its stability and display information capacity under the condition that the environmental temperature is greatly changed, which have practical value. Key word: liquid crystal vale, electro-optical properties, temperature, frequency, voltage.49 第1章 绪论1.1 液晶基础知识1.1.1 液晶的基本概念液晶用于显示是近几十年的事,但是液晶的发现已经100多年了[1]。
液晶最早是奥地利植物学家莱尼茨尔(F.Reinitzer)发现的,他在测定有机物的熔点时,发现某些有机物(胆甾醇的苯甲酸酯和醋酸酯)熔化后会经历一个不透明的呈白色浑浊液体状态,并发出多彩而美丽的珍珠光泽,当继续加热到某一温度就会变成透明清亮的液体1888 年,他把他的研究发现和自己的观点写成论文发表在化学杂志上。












