2017年中石化第一次英语分级测试真题(阅读+翻译+写作)及答案(共23页).docx

精选优质文档-----倾情为你奉上阅读 篇章1 当前题号：第1-10题，总题数：50题5Line Low wages, chronic unemployment and underemployment lead to low income, lack of property ownership, absence of savings, absence of food reserves in the home, and a chronic shortage of cash. These conditions reduce the possibility of effective participation in the larger economic system. And as a response to these conditions we find in the10culture of poverty a high incidence of pawning personal goods, borrowing from local money-lenders at higher rates of interest, spontaneous informal credit devices organized by neighbors, the use of secondhand clothing and furniture, and the pattern of frequent buying of small quantities of food many times a day as the need arises.15 People with a culture of poverty produce very little wealth and receive very little in return. They have a low level of literacy and education, usually do not belong to labor unions, are not members of political parties, generally do not participate in the national welfare agencies, and make very little use of banks, hospitals, department stores, museums or art galleries. They have a critical attitude toward some or the basic institutions of the dominant classes, hatred of the police,mistrust of government, and a cynicism that extends even to the church.20This gives the culture of poverty a high potential for protest and forBeing used in political movements aimed against the existing socialorder. People with a culture of poverty are aware of middle-class values,talk about them and even claim some of them as their own, but on the25whole they do not live by them. Thus it is important to distinguishbetweenwhat they say and what they do. For example, many will tellyou that marriage by law, by the church, or by both is the ideal form of marriage, but few will marry. To men who have no steady jobs or othersources of income, who do not own property and have no wealth to pass30on to their children, who are present-time oriented and who want toavoid the expense and legal difficulties involved in formal marriage anddivorce, free unions or consensual marriages make a lot of sense. Women will often turn down offers of marriage because they feel it tiesthem down to men. Women feel that consensual union gives them a35better break; it gives them some of the freedom and flexibility that menhave. By not giving the fathers of their children legal status as husbands,the women have a stronger claim on their children if they decide toleave their men. It also gives women exclusive rights to a house or anyother property they may own.1. According to the passage, a defining characteristic of poverty is that poor people __________.A. are isolated from the mainstream of societyB. lack the skills to find decent jobsC. are responsible for their own povertyD. are constantly in a state of crisis2. The author of the passage uses the phrase “culture of poverty” (Line 6) to suggest that __________.A. there are several classifications of poor peopleB. poor people often take pride in their povertyC. poor people share a common ethnicityD. poverty has become a prevailing way of life for some people3. The word “incidence” in Line 6 is closest in meaning to __________.A. inflationB. introductionC. accidentD. occurrence4. The word “literacy” in Line 12 refers to the ability to __________.A. go to schoolB. read and writeC. understand mathD. receive an education5. By asserting that the culture of poverty can be used by political movements (Line 19), the author is __________.A. cautioning against an uprising by the poorB. showing how poverty may threaten social stabilityC. calling upon the middle class to fight against the poorD. justifying the motives of politicians6. Which of the following best describes people with a culture of poverty?A. They work hard but receive little in returnB. They’re cynical to all but the churchC. They usually ignore the national welfare agenciesD. They are economically active7. According to the last paragraph, consensual union can provide poor women who refuse to get married legally with all of the following EXCEPT __________.A. a free church wedding or civil ceremonyB. some of the freedom and flexibility that men haveC. a stronger claim on their children when they want to leave their menD. rights to a house or any other property8. A conclusion can be drawn from the last paragraph that men and women in the culture of poverty __________.A. consider themselves unworthy of legal marriageB. prefer not to be in relationshipC. avoid legalized marriages for practical and economic reasonsD. do not trust each other to be faithful husbands and wives9. In the discussion of poverty, the author is most likely to agree that poverty __________.A. is more widespread than most people thinkB. cannot be eliminatedC. weakens the fabric of societyD. means mor。