relative clauses.ppt

RELATIVE CLAUSEA relative clause is a clause that is introduced by a relative word by a relative pronoun or by a relative adverb by a relative pronounThe following relative pronouns are used in defining relative clauses. These relative pronouns appear at the start of the defining relative clause and refer to a noun that appears earlier in the sentence.Substitute sb.Substitute sth.Substitute sb. / sth.As subject whowhichthatAs objectwhomwhichthatAs attributiveWhose (of whom)Whose (of which)A child whose parents are dead is called orphan.Id like a room whose window looks out over the sea.Example:She is the girl. She met me yesterday.She is a girl who met me yesterday.She is the woman. She looked after me.She is the woman who looked after me.He is the policeman. He caught the thieves.He is the policeman who caught the thieves.Practice:Only “that” in usepall, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much, none, fewMuch that I learned in the book is very useful.Professor Li has told us something that we should do in the summer vacation.pordinal numeral / superlative degree + AntecedentThis is most interesting film that has been produced in recent years.pno / every / some / only / very / much + AntecedentThere is no person that doesnt make mistakes.pTwo antecedents (sb. + sth. / animal)They are talking about the teachers and schools that they had visited.pordinal numeral / last + time + (that)ptime + that / whenThis is the last time that I shall give you a lesson.The first time (that) I entered the college was in 1988.by a relative adverb A relative adverb is an adverb which introduces a relative clause. The English relative adverbs are when, where, and why.I will never forget the day when I first met you.Sunday is the day when I am least busy.Do you know the house where John lives?That is the place where I was born.We usually use when and where to introduce relative clauses after nouns referring to time and place. They are used in the same way as preposition + which I will never forget the day when I first met you. = I will never forget the day on which I first met you.Sunday is the day on which(when) I am least busy.This is the place at which (where)I was born.Non-Defining vExtra information about a noun in a sentencevUse commasvAlways use a relative pronoun: who/whom, which, whose, where, when The new Woody Allen film, which I saw last week, is very good.DefiningvEssential information about a noun in a sentence vNo commasvCan omit pronoun if it is not the SUBJECT of the relative clausevThat can replace which/who/when/why/where/whose/whom.You are the man that I saw last week.A defining relative clause identifies which person or thing we mean exactly.It cannot be left out of the sentence or the meaning of the sentence is incomplete:It is the book that I read yesterday.You can omit the pronoun if it is the OBJECT of the relative clauseIt is the book that I read yesterday.It is the book I read yesterday.。