中考英语阅读首字母填空解题技巧讲解.pdf

中考英语阅读首字母填空解题技巧讲解一、考点分析首字母填空在中考和一模二模中所占的分值比重较大，为固定分值1 4 分,7 个空它是阅读理解部分里最难的一部分，也是学生特别容易失分的题型它不仅考察学生的词汇量，同时也检测了学生的综合运用能力因此掌握好首字母填空的解题技巧非常重要二、专题详解首字母填空解题技巧：1 . 跳过空格，通读短文，了解大意2 . 复读短文，确定语义，判断句子成分3 . 判断空格单词在句子成分里的词性，缩小范围4 . 联系上下文，找关键信息推测出答案5 . 通读短文，检查答案注意时态，语法，以及词性等问题上海市五年中考试卷首字母填空考查要点统计名词动词时态和语态形容词副词代词连词/ 连接词介词感叹词情态动词12(14')VJ VV VJ13(14‘ )VVJ VV VV14(14')VVJ VV15(14')VVVV VVV16(14')V VV VV VV从统计表中不难看出，考查重点是名词、动词、形容词、副词和代词这几大词类具体做题方法:（ 一） 从词性考查角度分析:1 . 名词：单复数形式，所有格的用法1. September 1 Oth is Teachers' Day.2.I n autumn after a strong wind, the ground is often covered with fallen leaves.2 . 动词：时态语态的变化3 .We could not run faster than cheetahs , so we _invented_ （ 发明） cars and now we canmove the fastest4 .When you laugh ,you will open your mouth and your teeth.3. 形容词、副词：比较等级的用法5. Last Sunday, we played h appily in the park, though we were very tired.6.Summer is the hottest season of the year.4 . 代词：单复数人称代词反身代词指示代词关系代词不定代词等的用法7. Help yourself to some fish, Jim.8. Mrs Green said to the twins ."Help yourselves to some fish please. ”9. This book belongs to Mary. It is hers.5 . 连词：并列与从属连词的用法lO .For years, we played other people's songs, but now we play mostly our own songs.11 . She didn't go to school yesterday 加 cause she was ill.（ 二） 从句子成分角度分析句子是按照一定的语法规律组成的，表达一个完整的意义。

一个句子一般由两部分构成，即主语部分和谓语部分，这两部分也叫做句子的主要成分句子的次要成分包括宾语，定语，状语，表语、同位语等 1） 对主语的判断：做主语词性主要为：名词，代词，动名词1. T are helpful to students. They always try their best to help their students.2. Tom is of great importance for Amy. So h is more important to Amy than money.3. Some famous s are going to give lectures in our university in August. We are glad toknow more about science.4. F is my favorite sport. It shows the spirit of team work.5. C stamps is my hobby.此外，形容词前加the也可作主语eg: The rich are not always happy.句中the rich指 “ 有钱人” ，因此可以作主语。

⑵对谓语的判断：做谓语词性主要为：动词要注意时态和语态的问题John was standing on the step of a house. An old woman c over to him. " My boy,“she a, “ Is your father at home?” "Yes," a John. The woman bringing the bell. She rang and rang, but there was no answer. At last she t back to John ands angrily, " Didn't you s that your father was at home? ” "I did " , answered John,“but this i my house. ”时态：1 .一般现在时：要考虑动词的三单形式2 . 一般过去时：要考虑动词的过去式3 . 现在进行时， 考虑动词的现在分词形式4 . 现在完成时： 要考虑动词的过去分词的形式(与动词的过去式的规则变化相同， 不规则的要单独记忆)(3)对宾语的判断: 做宾语词性主要为：主要为名词或代词。

1. Mr. Chen was surprised to see the fast d in Shanghai after his long absence from thecity.2. The front is in great need of medical w .b e c a u s e there are so many injured soldiers.3. Thank you for your k. Without your help,I will not work out the problem.4. At last he sold his i. He has invented it for a long time.(4)对表语的判断: 做表语词性主要为：形容词，名词， 介词短语如果是动词的适当形式作表语，动词必须改成to do ,doing或 done的形式1. It is i for an ordinary plane to fly to the moon.2. The sick man is getting w . M a y b e he will die soon.3. Patrick is going to be a(n) mechanical e when he grows up. He thinks mechine is full ofcharming4. Such cold weather is quite u in May and people have to wear warm clothes again.5. It's a p to have a picnic with all the members.(5)对定语的判断: 做定语词性主要为：形容词，序数词，介词短语。

如果是动词的适当形式作定语，动词必须改成to do ,doing或 done的形式1. The f exams usually take place at the end of June.2. On a c night, you can see thousands of stars in the sky.3. In f weather, the old had better stay at home.4. The French artist said, “It is my f time to visit Shanghai. I love this city so much and Ihope that I will have the chance come back again.5. Most people don't like s food.but I think it's delicious.6. Who is your C teacher?(6)对状语的判断: 做状语词性主要为：副词，介词如果是动词的适当形式作状语，动词必须改成to do ,doing或 done的形式1. The old lady could hardly believe that she had got the travel pass to Hong Kong so e . Sh eremembered it was hard.2. Watch c, and you will find the difference between the two pictures.3. After flying in the storm for nearly one hour, the helicopter landed s at last.⑺对连词的判断：I. Work harder, a you'll make great progress in English.2. My job is to protect the innocent as well a find the guilty.3. E you o he can go to the cinema, but you cannot go together because Ihave only one ticket.4. Til give you a call as soon a I get to Japan.分析：在英语中， 并列连词 and, but, or, so , not only-but also, either ---or, neither-•, nor, as wellas, both… and等连接并列的词: 词组和句子； 而从属连词则连接主句与从句。

一 ) 和 ( 二 ) 综 合 运 用 ：结合词性和充当句子成分综合分析，对词性、词义、词形综合运用Mr. Wu is getting old. He is 1 the school soon. The s in his class have givenh a lot of p. Among t are cards, note-books, photos and books. Most of thecards are m by the students themselves.Photos will h Mr. Wu remember the happy t when he was with his students.Next week, t will have a p to s goodbye to him.( 三) 其他做题思路：( 1)依据习惯用法与固定搭配进行填词：如…W his help, the old man was safe.The boy thanked him very much.从句意我们就知道是“ 在他的帮助下" ， with his help.( 2 ) 依据语法知识进行填词：如…It was al earlier.从句中的earlier可以看出它是比较级，我们应该会想到修饰形容词比较级有哪些词，前面有a,那肯定就是litlle.( 3 ) 依据常识的积累进行填词：如...But it was too late. His friend was very angry. Mr.White said nothing but only one word “S Mr. White 迟到了，他的朋友很生气，他什么都没说，只说了一个字“S. ” 我们根据常识肯定是向他的朋友道歉，所以肯定填sorry.( 4 ) 依据逻辑推理与句意理解进行填词：如： One Sunday afternoon, Mr. White drove hisnew car to his friend^ house happily. He wanted to p his friend up at five and then went tosee a new movie together.根据句意，Mr. White高兴地开着车去他的朋友家，然后一起去看电影，我们可以进行逻辑推理，他肯定是去接他的朋友，所以填pick.练习中考首字母填空思路点拨Read the passage and Hll in the blanks with proper words （ 在短文的空格内填入适当的词, 使其内容通顺, 每空格限填一词, 首字母已给） ：（ 一）Christopher and Jeff had known each other since childhood. One day, Jeff told his friend thathe'd fallen in love and planned to get married the n 89 month. He asked Christopher to lend him$ I, 000 for the wedding party, and promised to pay him back a month later when he started hisnew job. Christopher knew that Jeff was not very good with money, but he s 90 agreed. As theywere old friends, they didn't put anything in writing.A month later, Christopher hadn't heard from Jeff or received any money, s 91 he phonedhim. Jeff was very apologetic and said he would surely pay him back, within a month. Six weekslater, Christopher tried to phone Jeff and f 92 he had moved and left no link address. B 93 thistime, he was angry.Then one month later, to his surprise, Christopher received a cheque（ 支票） for $ 100 fromJeff and a letter giving his new address. He explained that he'd been having money p 94 , andwouldn't be able to pay back the remaining $ 900 for some time. Christopher wrote back tellingJeff to forget the r 95 of the money and never to reach him again by message or telephone.答案： 89. next 90. still 91. so 92. found 93. By 94. problem（ s） 95. rest（ 二）Reading books is a good hobby for all kinds of reasons.First, reading books is f_ 93—. You can always keep yourself amused if you like reading.This is especially useful when the weather is bad. It is a relaxing hobby too. You can reallybecome lost in a book.Next, you can read a book a_ 94_: in a car, in a waiting-room, on a plane, in bed — evenin the bath. All you need is a book! Reading is a convenient hobby as it is easy to stop and thenstart again.A_ 95_ good reason for reading books is that it is useful. If you read as a hobby youwill get better and better at it. This m_ 96_ that you will read faster and will become better atunderstanding what you read. As your reading improves, you will probably find your schoolworkbecomes much e_ 97_ . Many school subjects depend on good reading and, as you read, youlearn more and more.Some people say that reading is out of date. This is not true. You have to be able to readto use a computer and, the better you read, the better your computer skills will be. Reading ish _ 9 8 _ out of date!Good readers are most likely to be good writers, too. They are usually good at spelling aswell, and have more things to write about. Reading books is a wonderful hobby, one of thebest.W_ 99— other hobby could be more useful, or more enjoyable!答案：93. fun; 94. anywhere; 95. Another; 96. means; 97. easier; 98. hardly; 99. What（ 三）When the London Underground goes on strike （ 罢工） ， my journey to work can be terrible.I remember a strike which happened a few years a 104 — the station near my house was closedand I had to use another station and take a different train. This a 105 about an hour to myjourney, so I wasn't very happy.E 106 went wrong at the station. People were late and they were panicking （ 惊恐） ！ By thetime I got on the train, I was feeling upset and sorry for myself. Then I saw this man. There wassomething about him — he had such a familiar f 107 . A few minutes later, I realized that he wasJack, a friend from my school days in Scotland. At the same time he a 108 realized who I was.Then we started talking about school days and the people we both used to k 109 . 1 was evenmore surprised when the train came into my station and he started to get off too! I asked him w110 he was going and he said he was going to work. He told me he worked in Fitzroy Street. Yousee, I work in Fitzroy Street, too. It's a small w ill ! It was such an amazing coincidence!答案：104.ago 105.added 106.Everything / Everyone 107.face / figure 108.also 109.know110. where 111 .world(四)Some people have problems falling asleep; others have trouble getting up in the morning. Thefollowing suggestions may help.> Don't spend longer than thirty minutes trying to fall asleep. If you can't get to sleep after halfan hour, get up and do s 97 quiet, like reading. Only go back to bed when you feel tired.> Drink a glass of warm milk fifteen minutes before you go to bed —— it helps you to relax. Butdon't drink coffee or tea: they have chemicals which will make jt d 98 for you to sleep.> Have a warm bath— it's a great way to relax. But n 99 stay in there too long. More thantwenty minutes and you will lose all your energy. And the bathroom isn't the best place to fallasleep!A Listen to some music. However, if you have to get up and turn off the recorder when themusic f 100 , it won't work!> Set all the clocks in the house ten minutes fast before you go to bed (and try to forget that youd 101 this when you wake up the next morning).> Get a friend to phone you in the morning. And hope that your friend is better at waking upthan you are... and is able to have an interesting t 102 with you on the phone to help youwake up.> Go to bed e 103 than usual. It may not be easy at first, but they say that an hour of sleepbefore midnight has the same effect as two hours after midnight.答案：97. something 98. difficult 99. never 100. finishes 101. did 102. talk 103. earlier（ 五）Some people might choose to live in a sleepy village beside woods and lakes, but others enjoythe bright lights and fast pace of the big city. Stephen and Marianna have got different stories.Hi! My name is Stephen and I live in a small flat inLondon. I chose to live here because there is never ab 97 moment in a big city like London. I'm anart student and the busy life in a city does good tomy painting. In addition, I can get everything I needso close at hand. Living beside the undergroundstation means that I don't need a car to get around.It（ 主）s 98 me（ 宾）money. Also there aremalls, cinemas, libraries and museums everywhere.Of course, London, like any large city, hasp 99 too. Londoners don't chat on theunderground or the bus and there is much lesscommunity spirit than in the country, where myparents live. In fact, they don'l understand how I canput up with（ 忍受） the noise and pollution, and trafficjams. However, I see that as a small price top 100 As a famous saying goes, tuHe who istired of London is tired ofHello! My name is Marianna and I live inAustralia, on a huge ranch（ 牧场） . It's a beautifularea with wonderful scenery. I live here with myhusband Joe and our t 101 children,（ l） Patrick 11, and （ 2） Abby, 8. We have lived onthis ranch for several years and we love ourhealthy lifestyle. The children have lots of s102 to run around and enjoy the peaceand quiet. The air is clean and fresh. We produce alot of our own food which is nice and healthy.There5s lots of hard work to do running a ranch,but we don't mind.Of course, country life also has weak points. Wefeel isolated（ 孤独的） sometimes, too, especiallysince the n 103 neighbors are almost 100 kmaway. One more trouble is that we can'I get manythings as easily as we do in the city. There are noschools, supermarkets or shops, and if we are illwe have to call the flying doctor. Although lifehere can be difficult, we wouldn't change it for theworld.答案：97. busier 98. saves 99. polluted 106. pay 101. two 102. space 103. Nearest（ 六 ）THIS MONTH'S GOALS FOR HELPING TO SAVE OUR PLANET!Save electricity1. Recycle2. Save water3. Save gasWeekl This week, my family tried to save electricity. We never left the lights on when leavingthe rooms. We switched off the TV when n J was watching it. Mum only used cold water inthe washing machine.Week2 We started recycling this week. We tried to written on both sides of our paper not just onone side. We also divided our rubbish into d 2 bags for bottles, cans, paper and food. Mum keptthe plastic shopping bags from the supermarket to use them a 3 asrubbish bags. These are great ways to help our environment.Week3 We stopped taking long baths and had short showers i 4____. We flushed the toiletwith used water. When mum and dad made tea or coffee, they used 1 5___water in the kettle.My sister and I didn't leave the tap running when we brushed our teeth.Week4 Mum used to d 6 us to school, but now my sister and I have started riding our bikes toschool. Ifs hard work but good exercised! This week dad and a few of the people he works withalso started to go to work together in one car and share the cost. This should help r 7greenhouse gases!My friends and I became volunteers at school. We help make our school more earth-friendly.答案：92. nobody 93.different 94. again 95. instead 96. less 97. drive 98. reduce（ 七）A survey has been published which shows that British people don't like their neighbors verymuch. 80% of the people who took part in the survey feel that their neighbors h 92 payattention to others feelings. 25% don't talk to the people who live next door and 10% don't evenknow their names. In fact, one million people in Britain would like to m_ 93_ because they don'tget along well with their neighbors.According to the survey, the b 94 problem is noise. Many of the complaints about noisecame from people who live in flats and old houses. These people often have thin walls which cannot s 95 the noise from next door.The other main problems are disagreements（ 不和） about car parking spaces, and old peoplecomplaining about the young. Some disagreements last a 1 96 time. In one case, people wholive in the same building haven't talk to each other fbr fifteen years. Sometimes the disagreementsend in violence. In one of the worst cases, a man killed a neighbor because he kept parking in his“space”.Another survey shows that 90% of the neighbor never share a meal. 80% have never had adrink t 97 and 20% have never even spoken. However, when neighbors become each othnr'sf98 , they are often ready to offer help as we can see in many parts of the world.One solution to such problem is to talk about them with a professional organization, and ifnecessary to sign a written agreement. Now people can get this service in more and more towns.答 案 ：92-98 hardly, move biggest stop long together; friends（ 八）At one time, making a film was an expensive activity only for a small group of people andfilm companies. Not only were the tools and machines expensive but the cost of film was also fargreater than most people could afford. However, modern technology has c 92 all that.New technology has really opened up the world of film-making for film fans. Now a cameradoes not cost m 93 and most young people are certainly able to pay for it. So all you need is toget one for yourself. With that, you may then start your own film-making.However, film-making is t 94 work. You probably need many other people to help you.For example, the p 95 of actors and actresses is very important in your film. Of course, theseactors and actresses may be your schoolmates, friends or family members. You don't even need topay them a cent while they are glad to be part of your job.B 96 , you need to make up a story. Can you write your own one? If you have goodimagination, you can create an attractive story e 97 . Many world-famous film makers andproducers are also good story-writers. If not, perhaps you need someone else to write it for you.An excellent story is the key to making a s 98 film.答案：92.changed 93.much 94.team 95.performance 96.Besides97.easily 98.successful（ 九）At some time in your life, you might have a roommate. It is a good idea to share a flat,especially for students or people who have just finished school, because flats are usuallyexpensive. And m 86 is not the only reason for having a roommate. Sharing a flat can be fun.But life with a roommate can also be a t 87 experience. Some experts（ 专家） did a study ofcollege students who shared a room. They found that students who had problems with theirroommates were not happy at school and were more likely to get sick than other students. So,how can you 1 88 with a roommate and enjoy it? Here is some advice:Being roommates with a friend can be hard. Friends may be different when you stay withthem all the time from when you don't see them very o 89 ・ So, before you plan to share aroom with a friend, discuss the situation carefully.If you decide to share a room with someone you don't know, talk to each other. Ifsimportant to be h 90 about your habits and things you hate.When you move in with a roommate, make rules. Decide how you will share h 91 ,such as cleaning, washing and shopping. Will you share food? Is it OK to have guests? Andwhat about loud music?Don't get angry at small things that your roommate does. Try to f 92 the unhappy thingsbetween you and your roommate. No one — including you — is perfect.答案：86. money 87. terrible 88. live 89. often 90. honest 91. housework 92, forget（ 十）A school newspaper The Teens asked over one thousand teenagers how they spend their sparetime. Here they report the r 81 of the survey. Ifs not at all surprising to learn that mostteens said they wanted more free time. Most have less than an hour a day for after-school activities.P 82 activities was popular among both girls and boys, averaging between three to sixhours a week. Favorite sports among girls is tennis, basketball and swimming. Boys said theyliked football, basketball and skating.Speaking of entertainment, music and TV were popular. About half of these surveyed said thatmusic was their favorite activity. This i 83 both listening to and playing music. TV wasalso very popular. Three quarters said they preferred watching TV to read a book or magazine.Unsurprisingly, as many as three of ten teenagers mentioned that collecting things wassomething they liked to do in their spare time. They had v 84 collections from cartoonbooks and basketball cards to stickers, toys and coins.V 85 friends was also popular. Eight out of ten teenagers said they met their friendsonce a week. Nine out of ten said they contacted friends through the Internet. A 86popular way of contacting friends was the telephone. Everyone we surveyed said they spoke tofriends every day. Most said they spoke about twenty minutes a day. Surprisingly, teenagerss 87 went dancing, especially girls. Only one out of ten went to the dance regularly.答案： 81 result（ s） , 82 Physical 83 included 84 various 85 Visiting 86 Another 87 seldom（ 十一）It's a common school day at Southern Cross School near the famous Kruger National Park inSouth Africa. Teachers and pupils don't sit in a classroom. I 81 , they go through the forest or situnder the trees.The school teaches students all the same s 82 as the rest of the country's schools, but theteaching methods are completely different. Southern Cross uses nature as a teaching tool. Theteachers and their pupils go out into nature and work with animals and plants. These can be usedto study a 83 from maths and social sciences to languages. The school is in an area whereanimals live wild and can be hunted. To get to class, students travel a road through the forest thatwild animals use as well.The classroom for small preschoolers is a little different from the rest of the school. Forexample, the first lesson of the day is maths, but the teaching method is very s 84 . In this schoolyou won't hear a teacher saying “Count how many apples Jane has in her basket.MActually, thechildren visit a nearby river to count the number of marks left by animals. This way they can seehow many different animals come to d 85 during the night.The students are encouraged to take care of the injured and small animals. If they find a deadanimal in the area, they study where the animal fits in the food chain and how and why it d 86 .The headmaster says, “We must make people understand what we are doing to the e 87 . Weneed to care for our planet.^^答案：81. Instead 82, subjects 83. anything 84. special 85. drink 86. died 87, environment /earth(十二)The Young Personas Rail­card is very popular in Britain now . It gives young people the chance to buy ( 81 ) c_ train tickets across the country . Just imagine , it could take you to festivals , to see friends , orto London for a weekend break , at a lower price .、Who can apply?Anyone between 16 and 25 years of age. You will need to providesomething to D 82 that you are under 26. For this, only your ID card,driving licence, passport or medical card will be acceptable.Or, if you are an adult student o 83 25 years old but receivingformal education, you can also apply. You will need to get your teacher tosign the application 々/ v〃伸请表） . ‘Formal education * refers to studies ofmore than 15 hours per week for at least 20 weeks a year in college.Then take your completed application form with a recent p 84of yourself £ 28 and other materials needed to any main railway stationor student travel office to apply l＜）r the card.©HowYo ut oc aun susee yit oanuyr t imrae i-l -wceaerkedn?ds, holidays or during the week.Please ask at your local station or contact a railway travel agent tormore i 85 .If a rail-card does not have the user's name signed, it will beconsidered invalid （ 无效的） . No one else may use either your rail-cardor any tickets bought with it. You will be required to pay the f 86price of the ticket if you arc unable to show your own rail-card withthe ticket for a check during a jounwy.Tickets at reduced prices are not available for first-class travels orfor travels a 87 . such as to France or Germany. Passengers willbe asked to buy regular-priced tickets if they want to use thesei services.©81. cheap/cheaper 82. prove 83. over 84. photo/photograph/picture. 85. Information 86. full 87 abroad。