专题4主谓一致和特殊句式含答案.pdf

专题 4 主谓一致和特殊句式 一、主谓一致 考点一 语法一致原则 由 and连接的两个名词作主语 “a(n)/the＋名词单数＋and＋名词单数”表示一个人(双重身份)， 谓语动词用单数 “a(n)/the＋名词单数＋and＋a(n)/the＋名词单数”表示两个人，谓语动词用复数 “every＋名词单数＋and＋every＋名词单数”表示每一个人，谓语动词用单数 通常由两个部件组成的物品如 a knife and fork (一副刀叉)等作主语时，谓语动词用单数 表示时间、数量、长度及价格的名词，尽管有时是复数形式，但常被看作是一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式 “分数/百分数＋of＋名词”作主语时， 谓语动词的形式根据 of 后的名词的形式来定， 如果名词是可数名词复数，谓语动词用复数形式；如果名词是单数可数名词或不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式 主语为单数名词或代词， 尽管后面跟有 with， together with， except， but， as well as， rather than，besides，including 等引起的短语，谓语动词仍用单数形式；若主语为复数，谓语动词用复数形式。

单句语法填空 1．The teacher and poet often gives(give) lectures around the city. 2．The teacher and the poet have(have) just arrived. 3．Every boy and every girl has(have) the right to receive education in our country. 4．Bread and butter is(be) not to his taste. 5．Is(be) fifty pounds enough? 6．Two-thirds of the books are(be) about science. 7．Only 30% of the work was done(do) yesterday. 8．Nobody but Jim and Mike is(be) on the playground now. 考点二 意义一致原则 谓语动词必须用单数的情况 表示学科的名词以及 works(工厂)，news(消息)等作主语时，虽然本身为复数形式，但表示单数意义，谓语动词用单数。

表示某些组织机构的名词、书/报名、国名、地名等作主语时，虽然形式上是复数，但所表示的意义是单数，所以谓语动词用单数 谓语动词必须用复数的情况 表示总称意义的名词，如 people，police，public，cattle 等作主语时，谓语动词用复数 谓语动词的形式依据主语表示的意义而定 集体名词，如 family，class，team 等作主语时，谓语动词的形式根据其在语境中表示的意义而定当其表示集体意义，强调整体概念时，谓语动词用单数；当其表示集体中各个组成部分，强调个体概念时，谓语动词用复数 “the＋形容词/过去分词”表示“一类人”时，谓语动词用复数 单句语法填空 1．Politics is(be) his favorite subject. 2．Do you know when the United Nations was(be)set up? 3．The police are(be) searching for the murderer. 4．As far as I know，his family is(be) not very large but the family are all music lovers. 5．The poor were(be) looked down upon in the old days. 单句改错(仅有 1 处错误) 6．The young of the country doesn’tdon’t agree with their fathers on many things. 考点三 就近一致原则 1.由 or，not only...but also...，neither...nor...，either...or...，whether...or...，not...but...等连接两个或两个以上的并列主语时， 通常根据“就近一致”原则， 即谓语动词要与离它最近的主语在数上保持一致。

2.here/there 引导一个句子而主语又不止一个时，通常根据“就近一致”原则，即谓语动词要与离它最近的主语在数上保持一致 单句语法填空 1．Neither his parents nor I am(be) able to persuade him to change his mind. 2．Here is(be) a ruler，a few pencils and two copybooks. 3．Either you or I am(be) going to be in charge of this matter now. 4．Not only Jasper but also his friends are(be) planning to go，because they have never been there before. 单句改错(每小题仅有 1 处错误) 5．Not the teacher but the studentsisare looking forward to seeing the film. 6．This has to change because it is not clothes or shoes that makesmake a person. 二、特殊句式 考点一 倒装句 倒装分为部分倒装和全部倒装。

部分倒装只把谓语的一部分(多为助动词或情态动词)置于主语之前完全倒装是把谓语完全放在主语之前英语中在以下情况中要使用部分倒装或完全倒装 部分倒装 1.含有否定意义的副词或连词置于句首时引起部分倒装结构 2.“only＋状语”置于句首时，主句要用部分倒装 3.so/such ...that ...结构中的 so，such 连同它所修饰的成分共同位于句首表示强调时，主句要用部分倒装 4.表示前面所说的情况也适用于后者时，用倒装结构“so/neither/nor＋助动词/系动词/情态动词＋主语”(so 表示肯定意义，neither/nor 表示否定意义) 5.在 as/though 引导的让步状语从句中，从句的表语/状语/动词原形要位于句首，构成倒装结构如果位于句首的是单数可数名词，则其前不加冠词 6.在非真实条件句中， 条件句中的 if 省略时，助动词 had，were，should 要提到主语前面 7.“may＋动词原形”表示祝愿时，通常将 may 置于句首，构成倒装语序 完全倒装 1.here，there，now，then，out，in，up，down，away，on the wall，in the room 等表示地点、时间或方位的副词或介词短语置于句首，且主语为名词时，句子用完全倒装。

2.有时为了平衡句子结构或突出、强调，将作表语的介词短语、形容词、副词或分词提到句首，构成“表语＋系动词＋主语”的完全倒装结构 单句语法填空 1． Next door to ours live(live) a black couple， who seem to have settled in this community for quite a long time. 2． Absurd as/though it might sound， everyone present was amused by his adventure story in Africa. 3．Not until recently did they encourage the development of tourist-related activities in the rural areas. 完成句子 4．Only when you realize the importance of English can you put your heart into it. 只有当你认识到英语的重要性时，你才能全身心投入其中。

5．Not only can students improve their writing ability in this way but also they can strengthen their self-confidence. 通过这种方式，学生们不仅能提高他们的写作能力，而且还能增强自信心 6．So much homework do we have to do every day that we have little time to have a rest. 每天我们不得不做如此多的作业，以至于我们几乎连休息的时间都没有 7．The parents didn’t tolerate their kids’ rudeness at the party，nor did they allow themselves to be disobeyed. 父母们不允许他们的孩子在聚会上表现得没礼貌，也不允许自己的命令不被服从 考点二 强调句 强调句型 1.强调句型的基本结构：It is/was＋被强调的部分＋that/who＋其他部分该句型可对句子的主语、表语、宾语、状语等进行强调当被强调部分是人，且作主语时，可用 who 或 that，其他情况下一律用 that。

2.强调句型的一般疑问句结构：Is/Was＋it＋被强调的部分＋that/who＋其他部分？ 3.强调句型的特殊疑问句结构：特殊疑问词＋is/was＋it＋that＋其他部分？ 4.not...until 的强调句型结构：It is/was not until ...＋that＋其他部分 强调谓语动词 It is/was ...who/that ...结构不能强调谓语动词可用助动词 do，does 或 did 来强调谓语动词，用于一般现在时和一般过去时的肯定的陈述句中，do 还可以用于祈使句 单句语法填空 1．You are waiting at a wrong place.It is at the hotel that the coach picks up tourists. 2．The police were seeking more information to find out who it was that killed the rich merchant. 3． It wasn’t until 1706 that Thomas Twining founded the world’s first dry tea and coffee shop in London. 4．It is because of her strong will that she never gives up whatever difficulty she meets. 单句改错(每小题仅有 1 处错误) 5．It was in the evening whenthat I realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in need. 6．It’s our parents who hashave devoted their unconditional love to us，which indeed deserves our appreciation and reward. 考点三 状语从句中、不定式及其他形式的省略 状语从句中的省略 在 as if，if，though，when，where，while，no matter what，until 等引导的状语从句中， 若谓语部分含 be 动词， 而主语又与主句的主语一致或从句主语是 it 时，状语从句中的主语和谓语中的 be 动词可以一起省略。

动词不定式的省略 在主动语态中，感官动词或使役动词后接不定式作补足语时，往往将不定式符号 to 省略；在同一句话或同一情景对话中，当同一动作再次出现在后面的不定式位置上时，通常省略该动作而保留不定式符号 to so/not 构成替代省略 英语中还常常用 so/not 等来代替省略的肯定内容或否定内容，so/not 多跟在 I’m afraid，I hope，I think，I guess，I believe 等开头的答句中 常用的if相关的省略结构 if ever 如果曾经发生过的话；if busy 如果忙的话；if anything 如果有什么区别的话；if possible 如果可能的话；if so 如果这样的话；if not 如果不的话；if necessary 如果必要的话 单句语法填空 1．We finished the task two days earlier than expected(expect)． 2．—Do you have any idea what Paul does all day? —As I know，he spends at least as much time playing as he does writing(write)． 3．We all know that，if not carefully dealt(deal) with，the situation will get worse. 4．He suddenly turned around as if to make(make) sure that nobody was following him. 单句改错(每小题仅有 1 处错误) 5．When you are ∧in trouble，ask her for help. 6．I will go to help you if ∧it或 is necessary. 7．—Would you like to go for a walk with me? —I want ∧to，but I have too much homework to do today. 8．In my opinion，life in the twenty-first century is much easier than it used to ∧be. 强调句型与其他结构相似的复合句的区别 1．与含主语从句的主从复合句的区别 例 It is true that they are going to visit the Great Wall next month. 他们打算下个月去参观长城，这是真的。

例 It is the Great Wall that they are going to visit.他们打算去参观的地方是长城 第一句是一个主从复合句，其中 It 是形式主语；that 引导的是主语从句，that 没有任何意义，在从句中不作任何成分；第二句是强调句，强调的是宾语 the Great Wall，It is 和 that 没有任何意义，只是用来构成强调句型的基本框架 2．与含定语从句的主从复合句的区别 例 It is a question that needs careful consideration.这是一个需要仔细考虑的问题 例 It is novels that William enjoys reading.威廉喜欢读的是小说 第一句是一个主从复合句，其中 that 引导的是定语从句，修饰先行词 a question，that 在从句中作主语；It 在主句中作主语；第二句是强调句，强调的是宾语 novels，It is 和 that 没有任何意义，只是用来构成强调句型的基本框架 3．与含状语从句的主从复合句的区别 (1)与“It is/was＋时间名词＋when...”的区别 例 It was 6 o’clock when I got up today. 今天我起床时 6 点了。

例 It was at 6 o’clock that I got up today. 今天我在 6 点起的床 第一句是主从复合句，It 指时间，when 引导时间状语从句，时间名词前无介词；第二句是强调句型，强调的是时间状语 at 6 o’clock，It was 和 that 无实际意义 (2)与“It is/was＋时间段＋since...”的区别 例 It is two years since I taught English. 我不教英语两年了 例 It is two years since I began to teach English. 我教英语已经两年了 例 It is two hours that he spends on English every day. 他每天花两个小时学英语 前两个句子是“It is＋时间段＋since...”句型，since 引导时间状语从句若 since 和延续性动词连用，该句型的意思是“……不做某事已有……时间了”；若 since 和非延续性动词连用，该句型的意思是“……做某事已有……时间了”since 引导的从句常用一般过去时第三个句子是强调句，强调的是宾语 two hours。

(3)与“It was＋时间段＋before...”的区别 例 It was two years before he came back from abroad.过了两年他才回国 例 It was two years later that he came back from abroad.他是两年后回国的 第一句中的 It 指时间，before 引导的是时间状语从句；第二句为强调句，强调的是时间状语two years later 策略一 固定句式思维法 考生要养成看到以 it 开头的句子，就要考虑强调句型的思维模式，把强调结构排除之后再考虑需要用的其他连接词 典例 Could it be in the restaurant you had dinner with me yesterday you lost your handbag? 解析 句意为：你会不会把手提包丢在昨天我们一起吃晚饭的饭店里了？第一空用 where 引导定语从句，where 在从句中作地点状语；第二空用 that 构成强调句型的基本框架 答案 where；that 策略二 标志识别法 解答倒装类题目的关键是判断出句子是否具备使用倒装的条件。

1．看句首是否有表示否定意义或半否定意义的词或短语，是否有 only 所修饰的状语(从句)，是否有 so 修饰的形容词或副词以及 not until，not only 等 典例 Not until the motorbike looked almost new he stop repairing and cleaning it. 解析 not until...位于句首时，主句要用部分倒装；再结合“looked”可知时态为一般过去时，故此处填助动词 did 答案 did 2．看句首是否有表示方位或方向的词或短语，且主语是否为名词，或结合题干的句子结构看是不是分词等置于句首，若是，则用完全倒装 典例 Just in front of our house (stand) a tall tree with a history of 1,000 years. 解析 表示地点的介词短语 Just in front of our house 置于句首，且句子的主语为名词，句子要用完全倒装，即主语 a tall tree 要放在谓语之后本空应填 stands 答案 stands Ⅰ.单句语法填空 Group 1 1．Professor Salovery，who invented the term EQ，gives the following description: At work，it is IQ gets you promoted.(2019·内蒙古巴彦淖尔模拟) 答案 that 解析 考查强调句型。

该处为 it is...that...强调句，强调了主语 IQ故填 that 2．Professor James will give us a lecture on Western culture，and he as well as his assistants (be) to arrive by air.(2019·湖南师大附中月考) 答案 is 解析 主语后有 as well as 连接的成分时，谓语动词的单复数形式要与主语保持一致 3．Yes，of course they celebrate Christmas here，and there are obviously displays in shops and Christmas markets， but seem to be no signs of Christmas adverts.(2019·山东重点中学联考) 答案 there 解析 考查 there be 句型be 动词可用 lie，exist，remain 等替代 4． Although it was ten years ago I read the book， it shows me a universal truth that books are friends，always pushing us to move on.(2019·湖北襄阳四校联考) 答案 that 解析 分析句子结构可知，本句为强调句型，强调时间状语 ten years ago，所以填 that。

5．Present at the party last night (be) Mr Green and many other guests. 答案 were 解析 考查倒装分析句子结构可知，此处为表语提前的倒装结构，主语为 Mr Green and many other guests，由时间状语 last night 可知，此处应用 were 6．—What did she want to know，Tom? —She wondered when it was we could complete the experiment.(2019·江苏南通模拟) 答案 that 解析 考查强调句型 分析句子结构可知， 答句中 wondered 后的宾语从句为强调句型的特殊疑问句式的陈述语序，强调特殊疑问词 when，故此处应填 that 7．Some of you may have finished the text. so，you can go on to the next. (2019·江苏徐州第一中学检测) 答案 If 解析 考查省略此处为 if 条件句的省略，if so 如果这样的话。

8． (commit) to the research work in the lab is a distinguished expert from China who has won great achievements in this field.(2019·江苏徐州第一中学检测) 答案 Committed 解析 分析句子结构可知，本句的主语为 a distinguished expert...field，“ (commit) to the research work in the lab”为表语， 为避免头重脚轻， 使用了完全倒装结构； be committed to sth.表示“致力于某事”，由此可知，空处应填 Committed Group 2 1． Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations， three are declining， six (be) stable，one is increasing，and nine lack enough data.(2019·全国Ⅰ) 答案 are 解析 考查主谓一致。

根据 three are declining 可知， 此处数词 six 作主语， 代指前文中的“polar bear subpopulations”，故谓语用复数形式；由后文中 nine lack enough data 可知，用一般现在时，故填 are 2． It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house we saw Lily in the passenger seat. (2019·天津) 答案 that 解析 考查强调句型分析句子结构可知此处是强调句，被强调的是 only when 引导的时间状语从句强调句的结构为：It is/was＋被强调的部分＋that＋剩余部分故填 that 3．While running regularly can’t make you live forever，the review says it (be) more effective at lengthening life than walking，cycling or swimming.(2018·全国Ⅰ) 答案 is 解析 根据语境可知，此处叙述的是一般的客观事实，且本句中宾语从句与主句的时态应保持一致，故使用一般现在时。

it 指代上一句的 running regularly，是第三人称单数，故填 is 4．It was when I got back to my apartment I first came across my new neighbors. (2017·天津高考改编) 答案 that 解析 此处为强调句型：it’s...that...，被强调的是句中的时间状语从句 5．In any unsafe situation，simply (press) the button and a highly-trained agent will get you the help you need.(2018·北京高考改编) 答案 press 解析 此题为“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”结构，所以用动词原形 6． (be) it not for the support of the teachers，the student could not overcome her difficulty. (2017·江苏高考改编) 答案 Were 解析 该句是省略 if 的虚拟条件句，省略 if 后需要将 were 提前构成倒装。

Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题仅有 1 处错误) 1．There was many tasks I had to finish.Besides，I attended English and Math training classes because of my weaknesses in the two subjects.(2019·河南百校联盟质检) 答案 was→were 解析 考查 there be 句型的主谓一致be 动词的单复数取决于后面紧邻的主语的单复数，此处主语为复数，所以 be 动词应用复数，故将 was 改为 were 2．When taken exams，we sometimes cheat in order to get good results to make our parents and teachers pleased. 答案 taken→taking 解析 考查省略将句子补全后为：When we are taking exams...，时间状语从句的主语与主句主语一致， 且从句中含有 be 动词时， 可将从句主语和 be 动词省略， 故将 taken 改为 taking。

3．As is known to us all，some students have breakfast regularly while others don’t.There is several reasons.(2019·山东菏泽一模) 答案 第二个 is→are 解析 there be 句型中，be 要和后面的主语保持一致，本句中 several reasons 为复数形式，故将第二个 is 改为 are 4． It is working in teams instead of on my own which has freed me from trouble and made my work more efficient. 答案 which→that 解析 考查强调句型强调句型的基本结构为：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that＋其他成分故将 which 改为 that 5．Without rain，the water supply would be cut off and we would die，such would plants and animals.(2019·山东济宁第一中学调研) 答案 such→so 解析 本句使用了“so＋助动词/情态动词/be 动词＋另一主语”结构，表示“……也是如此”，故将 such 改为 so。

6．Only in this way I do a better job on my study in high spirits.(2019·山东烟台第一中学质检) 答案 在 I 前加 can/will 解析 “Only＋状语”置于句首时，句子用部分倒装结构，即把情态动词/助动词/be 动词置于主语之前；再根据句意可知，此处应用 can 或 will 7．There have many reasons for this.(2019·河北邯郸九校联考) 答案 have→are 解析 这里是 there be 句式，表示“有” 8．Not only she help us to understand “what”，but she explores “why”． (2019·安徽江淮十校联考) 答案 only 后加 does 解析 not only 置于句首时，其所在部分要用部分倒装，即把情态动词/助动词/be 动词提到主语之前；再结合主语 she 和后面的 explores 可知，此处应用助动词 does 9．It was not until she went back home when Kate realised she had left her schoolbag at school. (2017·江苏江阴高三联考改编) 答案 when→that 解析 分析句子结构可知，这是一个强调句式，被强调的是 not until 引导的状语从句，因此句中的 when 应该改为 that，与前面的 It was 构成强调句式。

10．None of the farmers in the small village can read or write，or can they speak the official language.(2017·甘肃张掖中学高三月考改编) 答案 or→nor 解析 根据语境可知此处表示“……也不”，应该用“nor＋倒装句”结构 Ⅲ.语法填空 Our school library，along with many other buildings，is very different from other schools’．There 1.are(be) two computer rooms，three art rooms，a meeting room and a reading room in the library building.The number of the books 2.is(be) large.It was 2,000,000 dollars 3.that all the books cost our school.It is such a large amount of money 4.that an average family can’t afford it，right？But in my view，it is worth it because in the era of knowledge explosion，many students have a thirst for knowledge. Our library is also a multifunctional building.There are 500 computers in it.Many a student 5.surfs(surf) the Internet at weekends here and now you can see that my classmates，Mike and John，are surfing the Internet.6.How happy they are! Look！A professor and writer 7.is(be) delivering a speech in the meeting room.Every time there is a wonderful speech，the audience always 8.cheer(cheer) up.What lovely children they are！Enter our art room 9.and you will find a teacher with his students is painting in the room.On the wall 10.are(be) about 500 pictures，which attract many students. Ⅳ.短文改错 When we were small， the teacher told us that we could help others.Offer help to someone who are in need of help is Chinese tradition.Today，we are happily to see that people give their hands to the old and the weak，but some negative examples also exist at the same time.It has reported that many people saw the woman was jumping off a bridge.But they not just took out their cellphones and took picture.No one tried to stop her.It is a pity what people become so cold-blooded.If they could persuade her out of killing her，they would be successful in stopping the tragedy. 答案 When we were small，the teacher told us that we couldshould help others.OfferOffering help to someone who areis in need of help is Chinese tradition.Today，we are happilyhappy to see that people give their hands to the old and the weak ，but some negative examples also exist at the same time.It has ∧been reported that many people saw thea woman was jumping off a bridge.But they not just took out their cellphones and took picturepictures.No one tried to stop her.It is a pity whatthat people become so cold-blooded.If they could persuade her out of killing herherself，they would be successful in stopping the tragedy. 。