国外电动汽车电池技术演变.pdf

© Fraunhofer A Roadmap for the Next Generation of Batteries – Materials, Chemistries, Performance and Cost © Fraunhofer supported by the Bavarian Ministry of Economic Affairs, Infrastructure, Transport and Technology Kai-Christian Möller Project Group Electrochemical Energy Storage © Fraunhofer 60 Institutes > 20 000 employees Budget 1.8 billion € (70 % contract research) München Holzkirchen Freiburg Efringen- Kirchen Freising Stuttgart Pfinztal Karlsruhe Saarbrücken St. Ingbert Kaiserslautern Darmstadt Würzburg Erlangen Nürnberg Ilmenau Schkopau Teltow Oberhausen Duisburg Euskirchen Aachen St. Augustin Schmallenberg Dortmund Potsdam Berlin Rostock Lübeck Itzehoe Braunschweig Hannover Bremen Bremerhaven Jena Leipzig Chemnitz Dresden Cottbus Magdeburg Halle Fürth Wachtberg Ettlingen Kandern Oldenburg Freiberg Paderborn Kassel Gießen Erfurt Augsburg Oberpfaffenhofen Garching Straubing Bayreuth Bronnbach Prien Hamburg Leuna The Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Locations in Germany institutes further locations © Fraunhofer Fraunhofer Battery Alliance www.batterien.fraunhofer.de München Holzkirchen Freiburg Efringen- Kirchen Freising Stuttgart Pfinztal Karlsruhe Saarbrücken St. Ingbert Kaiserslautern Darmstadt Würzburg Erlangen Nürnberg Ilmenau Schkopau Teltow Oberhausen Duisburg Euskirchen Aachen St. Augustin Schmallenberg Dortmund Potsdam Berlin Rostock Lübeck Itzehoe Braunschweig Hannover Bremen Bremerhaven Jena Leipzig Chemnitz Dresden Cottbus Magdeburg Halle Fürth Wachtberg Ettlingen Kandern Paderborn Kassel Gießen Erfurt Augsburg Oberpfaffenhofen Garching Straubing Bayreuth Bronnbach Prien Hamburg Leuna SCAI Oldenburg Freiberg EMI, ISE, IWM ICT IFAM ICT IIS, IISB FEP, IKTS, IVI, IWS ILT ISC ISIT ITWM LBF UMSICHT ISI IPA © Fraunhofer Project Group Electrochemical Energy Storage Fraunhofer Institute for Chemical Technology ICT Parkring 6 D-85748 Garching b. München kai-christian.moeller@ict.fraunhofer.de Project Group Electrochemical Energy Storage © Fraunhofer The World of Batteries 2030 © Fraunhofer Applications for Lithium-Ion Batteries • consumer electronics (mobils phones, tablet / laptop computer, …) • power tools • electric bikes, electric bicycles © Fraunhofer Applications for Lithium-Ion Batteries • electric vehicles (HEV, PHEV, REXEV, EV, EBUS) • stationary energy storage (household, power generation) © Fraunhofer Innovationsallianz Lithium-Ionen-Batterie 2015 Roadmapping – The Board © Fraunhofer View: Lithium Batteries View: Lithium Batteries - - Development on Cell Basis Development on Cell Basis • availability of the respective technology on cell basis • system basis: + 1-2 years • for applications in electric vehicles (BEV): + 8-10 years Roadmapping 0100200300400-20-15-10-5051015I / µAE / mV1970ies 1980ies 1991 2004 2011 © Fraunhofer State of the Art 2012 for cell components: cathode: LCO anode: graphite / hard carbon electrolytes: org. solvents + LiPF6 separator: polyolefin Lithium-Ion Battery – Cell Components anode cathode electrolyte separator © Fraunhofer Lithium-Ion Battery – Anode Materials hard carbonhard carbon SbSb Si / C composites Li Li4 4Ti Ti5 5O O1212 specspec. . capacitycapacity / / mAhmAh g g- -1 1 0.5 V 1.0 V 1.5 V 500 1000 2000 4000 3000 potential potential vsvs. Li / Li. Li / Li+ + graphitegraphite Si Li SnSn © Fraunhofer Cell Components Anode Materials Anode Materials – – metallic Limetallic Li dendritic Lithium on Ni-Foil in 1M LiClO4 in PC 10 µm10 µm © Fraunhofer Cell Components Anode Materials Anode Materials – – Li Li AlloysAlloys andand SiCSiC CompositesComposites © Fraunhofer Cell Components Anode Materials Anode Materials – – Li Li 4 4TiTi5 5O O1212, , l lithiumithium titanatetitanate 1.01.11.21.31.41.51.61.71.81.92.0-0.6-0.4-0.20.00.20.40.6/ mAE / VLi Li4 4TiTi5 5O O1212 + 3e+ 3e- - + 3Li+ 3Li+ + Li Li7 7TiTi5 5O O1212 © ZSW © Fraunhofer modified graphites > 2030 2012 short- term 2015 mid- term 2020 long- term Li4Ti5O12 Cell Components soft carbon C/alloy composites non-Si alloys Li metal Si alloys Anode MaterialsAnode Materials © Fraunhofer Lithium-Ion Battery – Cathode Materials 100 200 300 Sb spec. capacity / mAh g-1 3 V 4 V 5 V potential vs. Li / Li+ LiFePO4 LiMnPO4 LiCoPO4 LiCoO2 LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 LiMn2O4 S S 1672 O O2 2 ? © Fraunhofer Lithium-Ion Battery – Electrode Materials spec. capacity / mAh g-1 potential vs. Li / Li+ LiFePO4 LiMnPO4 LiCoPO4 LiCoO2 LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 LiMn2O4 500 1000 2000 4000 3000 1 V 2 V 0 V 3 V 4 V 5 V S O2 Si hard carbon Sb Si / C composites Li4Ti5O12 graphite Li SnSn © Fraunhofer Cell Components M.R. Vogt, BASF, Batteries 2011 BASF Normal Voltage NCMs and High BASF Normal Voltage NCMs and High Energy / Voltage Energy / Voltage MaterialsMaterials © Fraunhofer Cell Components M.R. Vogt, BASF, Batteries 2011 BASF HE NCM BASF HE NCM CathodesCathodes © Fraunhofer Cell Types (By Combination of Materials) Lithium Sulfur Lithium Sulfur BatteryB。