第12堂 分隔结构(精品).doc

LECTURE 12 分隔结构本堂目标：熟悉各种分隔结构，学会识别长难句中的各种分隔现象，重点掌握插入语作分隔结构的情况，，快速理解长难句基础预习 一般情况下，句子中的某些成分应该紧靠在一起，如主语和谓语，动词和宾语，修饰语与被修饰语等但有些时候这些本应紧密连接的句子成分被其他成分分隔，这种语言现象叫作分隔了解这一语言现象有助于对长句、难句的理解一、 主语与谓语的分隔分类例示被定语分隔Everyone，old or young, should contribute his time and energy to his work.（后置形容词作定语分隔）Their weekend together remained vividly in the thoughts.（后置副词定语分隔）The machine to be examined has been bought to the factory.（不定式定语分隔）被状语分隔He seldom eats too much.（副词作状语分隔）Balloons, being lighter than air, are held up by the air.（现在分词短语作状语分隔）He, like every body else, had worried about it.（介词短语作状语分隔）被同位语分隔The great ship, Titanic, sailed for New York from Southampton on April 10th,1912.（被作同位语的名词分隔）The idea that modern art can exactly be seen in museums is mistaken.（被同位语从句分隔）被插入语分隔This, in my opinion, is only one of the minor issues.（介词短语作插入语分隔）Your suggestion, to be frank, will only lead us into trouble.（不定式作插入语分隔）The talk, I think, was both interesting and instructive.（主谓结构作插入语分隔）【例】All music, whether it is the pulsation of primitive tribal drums or the complex coordination of voices and instruments in an opera, has this feature: it is based upon the power of sound to stir our senses and feelings.【点睛】句子的主干为All music … has this feature…。

主句的主语和谓语被whether … or …引导的让步状语从句隔开译文】所有的音乐，不管是原始部落的鼓声，还是戏剧中声音和乐器的和谐，都有这种特点：都基于声音的力量，这种力量能激起我们的感官反应，让我们产生感觉二、复合谓语的分隔分类例示助动词与主动词分隔The condition has been more or less improved.（被副词分隔）I don’t in the least want to go with you.（被介词短语分隔）情态动词与主动词分隔You might at least offer to help.（被介词短语分隔）Computers could someday be used inside an atom.（被名词状语分隔）系动词与主语补语的分隔He was by no means a hard man.（被介词短语分隔）The sun is, in fact, essential in order for life to exist on the earth.（被插入语分隔）【例】（08-Part B）To make revision easier, leave wide margins and extra space between lines so that you can easily add words, sentences and corrections【点睛】so that引导目的状语从句，该从句中的副词easily将情态动词can和主动词add分隔。

译文】为了方便修改，写作时页边距和行距要留得大些，以便添加词语、句子并做修改三、动词/介词与宾语的分隔分类例示动词与宾语分隔They announced in the newspaper the data of their wedding.（被介词短语分隔）介词与宾语分隔I had not seen him for at least ten day.（被介词短语分隔）【例】In bringing up children, every parent watches eagerly the child’s acquisition of each new skill — the first spoken words, the first independent steps, or the beginning of reading and writing.【点睛】本句主干为every parent watches the child’s acquisition of each new skill副词eagerly将句子的谓语和宾语分隔开译文】在养育孩子的过程中，每一位父母都十分关注孩子所学会的每一样本领。

比如：最先会说的话，第一次独立走路时的情景，或是开始学会读和写的时间四、固定搭配中的分隔分类例示动词与介词分隔She looked everywhere for him but could not find him.（looked for被副词分隔）The audience consisted for the most part of young people.（consisted of被介词短语分隔）形容词与介词分隔Dimmitroff went through all this. He was different, however, from others.（differen from被插入语分隔）【例】(07-Text 3)From the middle-class family perspective, much of this, understandably, looks far less like an opportunity to exercise more financial responsibility, and a good deal more like a frightening acceleration of the wholesale shift of financial risk onto their already overburdened shoulders. 【点睛】固定短语look like被表程度的副词far less分开。

译文】从中产阶级家庭来看，这其中的大部分看起来远远不像是一个行使更多财政职责的机会，而更像是金融风险全盘转移时在已经负担过重的肩膀上再施加压力，他们这样想是可以理解的重点讲解一、长句中的分隔现象前面我们讲了单句中各语法成分之间的分隔现象，实际上在复合句中，分隔现象也很普遍LECTURE 1中我们讲了定语从句与先行词的分隔，LECTURE 2中我们讲过同位语从句与先行语的分隔，这里讲一下长句、复合句中的其他分隔现象1．并列连词与后续分句分隔【例】On motor-ways you can, at least, travel safely at high speeds, but more often than not, the greater part of the journey is spent on narrow, bumpy road which are crowded with traffic.【点睛】并列连词but和后绪分句被插入语more often than not分隔前面的复合谓语can travel之间被插入语at least分隔译文】坐车至少是安全并且速度快的，但是其实也不然，因为你也许会把你的旅行浪费在拥挤并且颠簸的路上。

2．从属连词与后绪从句分隔【例】One night, he decided to play a joke on his colleague to find out if, after so many performances, he had managed to learn the contents of the letter by heart.【点睛】从属连词if与其引导的条件状语从句被介词短语after so many performances分隔译文】一天晚上，他决定与他的同事开一个玩笑，看看同事反复演出这么多场之后，是否已将信的内容记熟了二、插入语作分隔结构 分隔结构中有一种比较特殊的情况，即插入语作分隔结构插入语是指插入到主、谓、宾、宾补（通常被称为句子的必要成分）之间的从句、短语或单词，分隔这些语法成分的同时，对句子的内容进行补充、添加、限制或解释说明 在阅读理解中遇到插入成分时，理想的处理办法就是跳过它待句子的主要部分理解之后，再返回来补充理解 照插入语按构成来划分，主要有以下几种:1．名词结构作插入语【例】(96-Passage 4)When all these shaping forces — schools, open attitudes, the premium system, a genius for spatial thinking — interacted with one another on the rich U.S. Mainland, they produced that American characteristic, emulation.【点睛】破折号之间的名词及名词短语可视作插入语，补充说明all these shaping forces。

译文】当所有这些构成因素——学校、开放态度、奖金制度、真正的空间思维方式——在美国本土相互作用时，具有美国特点的竞争就被孕育出来2.形容词或副词结构作插入语【例】(96-Passage 4)Because thanks to these schools, our early mechanics, especially in the New England and Middle Atlantic states, were generally literate and at home in arithmetic and in some aspects of geometry and trigonometry.【点睛】副词结构especially...作插入语，使句子的主语和谓语分隔译文】因为有这样的学校，我们当年的技工，特别是新英格兰和大西洋沿岸中部各洲的技工，总体上来说是有文化的，懂算术，具有一定的几何三角知识的3.介词短语作插入语介词短语充当插入语的情况十分多见，。