主谓一致 (2).ppt

主语和谓语在人称和数上主语和谓语在人称和数上保持一致叫做主谓一致保持一致叫做主谓一致语法一致语法一致意义一致意义一致就近一致就近一致(1) A girl is singing there.(2)The desks are green.(1)His family are waiting for him.(2)My family is a large one.(1)You or he is wrong.(2)Not only you but he was present.原原则则 (1)The girl is singing.(2)The desks are green.(3)You like swimming, but she likes dancing.♠ 语法一致语法一致主语为单数形式，谓语动词也采主语为单数形式，谓语动词也采用单数形式；主语为复数形式，用单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语动词也采用复数形式谓语动词也采用复数形式(1)His family are waiting for him.(2)My family is a large one.♣意义一致意义一致 主语形式虽是单数，但表示复数意义，主语形式虽是单数，但表示复数意义，谓语动词采用复数形式；主语形式虽是谓语动词采用复数形式；主语形式虽是复数但表示单数意义，谓语动词也采用复数但表示单数意义，谓语动词也采用单数形式。

单数形式(1)You or he is wrong.(2)Not only you but he was present. ♥ 就近原则就近原则 谓语动词的人称和数由最靠近它的谓语动词的人称和数由最靠近它的 主语决定主语决定（（1））.单数主语即使后面有由单数主语即使后面有由with, along, together, like, but, expect, besides, as well as, more than, rather than, including, in addition to 引导的短语，谓语动词用单数引导的短语，谓语动词用单数如：如：（（2)2)用用and and 或或bothboth……andand连接的并列主语，谓语动连接的并列主语，谓语动词常用复数词常用复数. .但如果主语指的是同一个人，同一件但如果主语指的是同一个人，同一件事，同一概念，谓语动词用单数事，同一概念，谓语动词用单数. .（（3）不定式（短语），动名词（短语）或从）不定式（短语），动名词（短语）或从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数，如：句作主语时，谓语动词用单数，如：(4)用用 and连接的并列主语被连接的并列主语被each,every或或no修修饰时饰时,谓语动词谓语动词 用单数。

用单数each of + 复数代词，谓语动用复数代词，谓语动用单数单数 复复数代词数代词+each，，谓语动词用谓语动词用复数复数如 语法一致语法一致Each boy and each girl is clever.They each have seen the movie.语法一致语法一致（（5））. none 作主语时，谓语动词可用单数，也作主语时，谓语动词可用单数，也可用复数，但在代表不可数的东西时总时看作可用复数，但在代表不可数的东西时总时看作单数，因而谓语要用单数如：单数，因而谓语要用单数如： 语法一致语法一致（（6））.名词如：名词如：trousers, scissors,clothes,goods, glasses等作主语时，等作主语时，谓语动词必须用复数如：谓语动词必须用复数如：语法一致语法一致（（7））.形形复意单复意单名词如：名词如： news,physics,mathematics,politics,economics,the United States,the New Times, the united Nations.谓语动词要用单数。

如：谓语动词要用单数如：语法一致语法一致（（8））a number of +复数名词复数名词”谓语动词要用谓语动词要用复数，复数， “the number of +名词名词”等作主语时，等作主语时， 谓语动词要用单数如谓语动词要用单数如:语法一致语法一致（（9）） .百分数（或分数）百分数（或分数）+可数名词单数（或可数名词单数（或不可数名词）谓语动词用单数；百分数（或不可数名词）谓语动词用单数；百分数（或分数）分数）+of+复数名词，谓语动词用复数复数名词，谓语动词用复数如如10. one and a half + 复数名词作主语复数名词作主语时时, 谓语动词用单数形式谓语动词用单数形式.如如: One and a half bananas is left on the table.有一根半香蕉留在桌子上有一根半香蕉留在桌子上.语法一致语法一致(11). more than one… 或或many a …+ 单单数数名名词词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。

作主语时，谓语动词用单数语法一致语法一致 More than one child is playing the game. Many a boy and girl has made the same mistake.12. this kind of + 复数名词作主语复数名词作主语, 谓语用谓语用单数单数. 复数名词复数名词 + of this kind作主语作主语, 谓语用谓语用复数复数. 如如:This kind of shoes is worth 50 yuan.Shoes of this kind are worth 50 yuan.语法一致语法一致语法一致语法一致13. 在主谓倒装的句子中在主谓倒装的句子中,谓语动词的数谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致应与其后的主语一致.如如:There is a book on the table.Between the two houses lies a car.(14). either, neither, someone, something, somebody, anyone, nobody等单独作主语或修饰主语时等单独作主语或修饰主语时, 谓语通常谓语通常用单数．用单数．语法一致语法一致1.Either of them has a pen.2.Neither is green.3.Neither pen is green.4.4. Somebody wants to see you.1. Nobody _______ (like) to spend time on a boring thing. 2. A doctor together with two nurses __________ (sent) to help in the work.3. Getting up early _______ (make) us healthy.4. A number of students ____ (be) absent yesterday.5. The number of students in our school _____ (be) increasing.likeswas sentmakeswereis 6. ____ (be) there anything I can eat in the kitchen?7. Every teacher and student_______ (have) good reason to be proud of their school. 8. None of the materials ________ (be) conductors. 9. About two-thirds of his property ________ (be) lost in the flood. 10. The news ______ (make) her very happy.Is hasarewasmakes意义一致意义一致意义一致意义一致意义一致意义一致(2)意义一致意义一致(3)4.某些集体名词某些集体名词, 如如family, team ,audience, class, club, company, crew, crowd, group, government, public, staff, population等作等作主语时主语时,如果作为一个整体看待，谓语动词如果作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式用单数形式,如果就其中一个个成员而言如果就其中一个个成员而言,谓语动词用复数形式．　如：谓语动词用复数形式．　如：意义一致意义一致My family is large. (看作一个整体）My family all like music.(指家庭中一个个成员之和．)5. 单复数同形的名词作主语时单复数同形的名词作主语时,按意义按意义一致的原则一致的原则.作单数意义时作单数意义时,谓语动词用谓语动词用单数，反之单数，反之,谓语动词用复数谓语动词用复数.这类名词这类名词有：有：sheep, fish, deer, means, works, Chinese, Japanese,series,species等等.如：如：意义一致意义一致 A fish is in the basin. Some fish are in the basin.This shoe works was set up in 1980.Those shoe works were all set up in 1980.意义一致意义一致6意义一致意义一致7.名词性物主代词作主语时名词性物主代词作主语时,根据它所替代根据它所替代的是单数还是复数来决定谓语的单复数．的是单数还是复数来决定谓语的单复数．Theirs is a big classroom.Your bags are black and mine are brown.意义一致意义一致8. such, the same起指示代词的作用，应起指示代词的作用，应根据其所指的内容来确定单复数．根据其所指的内容来确定单复数．Such is my hope.Such are his gifts.意义一致意义一致9.关系代词关系代词which, who, that 在定语从句中在定语从句中作主语时，其意思相当于前面的先行词作主语时，其意思相当于前面的先行词, 故故其后从句的谓语动词的数应与其前的先行其后从句的谓语动词的数应与其前的先行词保持一致．如词保持一致．如: This is the girl who lives next door. The flowers that were planted in the garden by her were very beautiful.10. 疑问代词疑问代词who, what, which 作主语时，作主语时，谓语动词可以根据说话人所要表达的意思谓语动词可以根据说话人所要表达的意思决定单复数．决定单复数．意义一致意义一致Who lives next door? It’s Xiao Li.Who live next door? It’s Zhang and li.意义一致意义一致11. 在在One of + 复数名词复数名词+ 定语从句的结构定语从句的结构 中中, 从句的谓语动词用复数形式从句的谓语动词用复数形式. 而在而在the only one of +复数名词复数名词+定语从句定语从句的结构中的结构中, 从句的谓语动词用单数形式从句的谓语动词用单数形式.Tom was one of the boys who were invited to the dinner.He was the only one of the boys who was from the U.S.A.1. He is one of the students who ____ (have) been abroad.2. He is the only one of the students who _____ (have) been abroad.3. Half of his money ____ (have) been stolen.4. Half of the passengers ____ (be) killed.5. A poet and novelist ____ (have) visited our school.6. A poet and a novelist _____ (have) visited our school.havehashashavehashave7. Twenty years ____ (be) a long time.8. The cattle ______ (keep) in the shed.9. I, who _____ (be) your friend, _____ (want) to help you.10. I will employ a boy who _______ ( understand) English.11. What he said ____ (be) true.isare keptamwantunderstandsis就近一致就近一致就近就近 一致一致1. There____ (be) a fire last night.2. Here_____ (come) the bus.3. There ____ (be) two books on the desk.4. Here ___ (be) the books that you want.5. Not only you but also he ___ (be) right. 6. Either he or I ____ (be) wrong. wascomesareareisam Example E-mail, as well as telephones, ____ an important part in daily communication. (99 上海上海2) A. is playing B. have played C. are playing D. playWith more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth ______ each year. (2005山东山东25) A.is washing awayB. is being washed awayC. are washing away D. are being washed away Multiple choice:1. On the wall______ two large portraits. A. hangs B. hang C. hanged D. hanging 2. “News of victories _____ pouring in as our army advances,”the commander said. A. keep B. keeps C. kept D. have kept Multiple choice:3. There _____ a lot of milk in the bottle. A. are B. is C. were D. has 4. Zhang’s family ____ rather big, with twelve people in all. A. is B. are C. being D. was 5. Nobody but Jane ____ the secret. A. know B. knows C. have known D. is known 6. All but one _____ here just now. A. is B. was C. has been D. were 7. A library with five thousand books ____ to the nation as a gift. A. is offered B. has offered C. are offered D. have offered 8. Not only I but also Jane and Mary __ tired of having one exam after another. A. is B. are C. am D. be 9. The number of people invited ____ fifty, but a number of them____ absent for different reasons. A. were; was B. was; was C. was; were D. were; were 10. When and where to build the new factory _____ yet. A. is not decided B. are not decided C. has not decided D. have not decided11.More than one person here ____ with the disease. A. has been infected B. have been infected C. has been infecting D. have been infecting由由more than one 修饰单数名词作主语时，修饰单数名词作主语时，谓语动词要用单数谓语动词要用单数又如：又如：More than one man was injured in the accident. More than one house has been repaired.解析12. One or perhaps more pages _____ missing. A. is B. are C. has been D. have been由由or连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词应与靠近它的主语一致。

词应与靠近它的主语一致解析又如：又如：Are you or he to drive ? Was she or you there ?13.The police ____ the black in winter. A. wears B. wear C. put on D. puts on英语中，一些表示总称意义的名词，如：英语中，一些表示总称意义的名词，如：police，，people，，cattle等作主语时，谓等作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式语动词要用单数形式又如：又如：Some people spend a lot of money on clothes. Cattle are raised everywhere by the farmers.解析14. More students than one _______. A. were punished B. is punished C. was punished D. will punishMore ＋＋复数名词复数名词 ＋＋than one ＋＋和和 more than one ＋＋单数名词的意义相同，均表示单数名词的意义相同，均表示“不只不只一个一个”，但前者用作复数，后者用作单数。

但前者用作复数，后者用作单数又如：又如：More students than one were punished. ＝＝More than one student was punished.解析15. What they need _____ more people. A. is B. are C. has D. have名词从句作主语时，通常表示单数概念，谓语名词从句作主语时，通常表示单数概念，谓语动词常用单数，但所指内容是复数意义时，谓动词常用单数，但所指内容是复数意义时，谓语动词用复数本句从表语语动词用复数本句从表语more people 可以得可以得知主语知主语what we need指复数内容指复数内容又如：又如：What we need is more time. What he needs are books. What he says and what he does do not agree. 解析。