2022年考博英语-东北师范大学考前模拟强化练习题31（附答案详解）.docx

2022年考博英语-东北师范大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题In 1896, William Jennings Bryan, a three-time candidate for the American presidency, gave a speech on a relatively dry financial topic, criticizing the gold standard. But his rhetoric was for the ages: “You shall not press down upon the brow of labor this crown of thorns; you shall not crucify mankind upon a cross gold!”Just over a hundred years later Sam Brownback, arguing for war against Iraq in a speech to the American Senate, said, “We go at Iraq and it says to countries that support terrorists, there remain six in the world that are as our definition state sponsors of terrorists, you say to those countries: 4 We are serious about terrorism, we are serious about you not supporting terrorism on your own soil.”’What happened over the 20lh century? Americans no longer expect public figures, whether in oratory or in writing, to command the English language with skill and flair. Nor so they aspire to such command themselves. John McWhorter, a linguist, sees the triumph of 1960s counterculture as responsible for the decline of formal English.Blaming the permissive 1960s is nothing new, but this is not yet another passage against the decline in education. Mr. McWhorter’s academic specialty is language history and change, and he sees the gradual disappearance of “whom”，for example, to be natural and no more lamentable than the loss of the case-endings of Bcowulf-ear English.But the cult of the authentic and the personal, “doing our own thing”，has spelt the death of formal speech, writing, poetry and music. While even the modestly educated sought an elevated tone when they put pen to paper before the 1960s, even the most well regarded writing since then has sought to capture spoken English on the page. Equally, in poetry, the highly personal genre is the only form that could claim real vibrancy. In both oral and written English, talking is triumphing over speaking, spontaneity over craft.Illustrated with an entertaining array of examples from both high and low culture, the trend than Mr. McWhorter documents is unmistakable. But it is less clear, to take the question of his subtitle, why we should care. As a linguist, he acknowledges that formal language is not strictly necessary, and proposes no radical education reforms — he is really bemoaning the loss of something beautiful more than useful. We now take our English “on paper plates instead of china”. A shame, perhaps, but, probably an inevitable.1.The sentences of William and Sam are quoted in the first two paragraphs to show （  ）.2.John McWhorter attributes the decline of formal English to（  ）.  3.John McWhorter’s attitude towards the loss “whom” seems to be（  ）.  4.It can be inferred from the passage that（  ）.  5.By “we now take our English ‘on paper plate’ instead of china”，the linguist most probably means that （  ）.问题1选项A.the great social changes that have taken place in a centuryB.the obvious decline of English language commandsC.that terrorism issue is more serious than gold standardD.that both of the speakers are excellent speech makers问题2选项A.the American’s lower expectations of public figuresB.the President’s lower expectations of themselvesC.the permissive attitudes towards language decades agoD.the loss of “whom” and case-endings in English问题3选项A.calmB.criticalC.indifferentD.supportive问题4选项A.English before the sixties was characterized by dry financial topicB.English before the sixties was used less skillfully than it is nowC.English after the sixties is characterized by oral usagesD.English after the sixties is used less often in written language than in spoken问题5选项A.nowadays English is more often used on paper than on chinaB.nowadays English is more often used in China than in other countriesC.nowadays English has become less useful in paper writing than beforeD.nowadays English has lost some original charm even though equally useful【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:A第4题:D第5题:D【解析】1.判断推理题。

文章前两段对威廉和萨姆相关事件的引用是为了引出文章的话题，指出英语语言的退化现象，故答案选项为B项“英语语言的明显衰退”2.细节事实题第三段的最后一句指出: John McWhorter, a linguist, sees the triumph of 1960s counterculture as responsible for the decline of formal English (语言学家约翰•麦克沃特认为20世纪60年代反文化运动的胜利要对正式场合英语的退化负责)，由此可知60年代的反文化运动是根本原因，选项C “几十年前对语言的消极态度”是反文化运动的一部分，故答案选项为C3.观点态度题根据题干关键词the loss “whom”定位至第四段: ...he sees the gradual disappearance of “whom”，for example, to be natural and no more lamentable than the loss of the case-endings of Beowulf-ear English (他认为 whom一词的逐渐消失是很自然的，并不比裴欧沃夫时代英语中词格尾缀的失踪更让人惋惜),作者认为这一现象非常正常，故他的态度应该是沉着冷静的，故答案选项为A。

4.判断推理题选项A :20世纪60年代前的英语以枯燥的金融话题为特点，文章在开始的吋候只是提到了曾经三次当选美国总统候选人的威廉姆•詹宁森•布赖恩就 一个相对枯燥无味的金融话题作了一番演讲，并不能说明60年代前的英语以枯燥的金融话题为特点，故选项A错误；选项B: 20世纪60年代前的英语运用没有现在这么灵巧，根据文章中William Jennings Bryan和Sam Brownback的例子可知，20世纪60年代前的英语运用应该是比现在更加灵巧，故选项B错误；根据文章第五段的...even the most well regarded writing since then has sought to。