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新概念英语第三册笔记第42课上课教案.doc

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    • Lesson 42 Modern cavemen一、单词讲解 New words and expressionscaveman n 洞穴人(穴居人)cave n.洞穴(天然的) caveman n. (远古)洞穴人a man living in a cave thousands of years agocavern [kv(ə)n] n. 大洞穴,大山洞 a large cavecavity [kvɪtɪ] n.洞,腔(正式的医学术语);(龋齿的)洞pothole [pɒthəʊl] n.锅穴(冰原),壶穴(河床)(地质)potholing n.洞穴探险(运动)potholer n.洞穴探险者solitude [sɒlɪtju:d] n.孤独、寂寞(2.独处)(enjoying being alone, being without companions)六级罕见live in solitude 独自(居住)生活isolation n.隔离、孤立(不情愿地,被动)(a feeling of being lonely and unable to meet or speak to other people)eg. Retirement can often cause feeling of isolation.seclusion [sɪklu:ʒ(ə)n] n. 隔离(主动,隔离室等);隐居、与世隔绝独处(刻意)eg. The Emperor lived in seclusion behind the walls of the Forbidden City.Recluse [rɪklu:s] n.隐士 n. 隐士;隐居者 adj. 隐居的远离【世界】,过着【隔绝】生活,“常常”是【独处】。

      - 不一定是【宗教信仰】的原因,不一定是独处(也许是小群体的与世隔绝的生活);recluse的第2个含义,才是指修行者,和上面hermit同reclusive [rɪkluːsɪv] adj. 隐居的;隐遁的hermit [hɜːmɪt] n. (尤指宗教原因的)隐士,隐居者;蜂鸟强调的是远离【社会】,因【宗教信仰】而【独处】的修行的人还有些小的区别:recluse只用于人,而hermit 可指动物的独居习性;lure [l(j)ʊə] v 引诱,诱惑 (n. 诱惑;饵;诱惑物vt. 诱惑;引诱;引怪(游戏术语))potholer n.洞穴探险者rambler [rmblə] 漫步者,散步者 (n. 漫步者,漫谈者;攀缘蔷薇)stroll [strəʊl] n.溜达, 散步(= slow walking for pleasure in street or in garden)指不慌不忙地溜达go for a stroll = go for a walk, take a stroll = take a walk-- He is strolling along the road.Stroller n.散步者, 流浪者Ramble [‘rmbl] v.海岸、林中的漫步 -- The couple are rambling in the forest. [英]漫步,尤指为消遣而在乡间闲逛Roam [rəʊm] v.不安定的漂泊 (徜徉;闲逛;漫步to walk or travel around an area without any definite aim or direction)常指长时间没有目的或方向地游荡。

      Wander [wɒndə] vi.漫步, 徘徊, 流浪, 彷徨, 无目的地移动1、to walk slowly around or to a place, often without any particular sense of purpose or direction2、[V] ~ (away, back, to, etc. sth)(of a persons mind or thoughts 人的思想或想法) 走神;神志恍惚;(思想)开小差to stop being directed on sth and to move without much control to other ideas,3、[V] ~ (away/off) | ~ (from/off sth)偏离(正道);走失;离散to move away from the place where you ought to be or the people you are with同义词: strayundertaking n 任务,工作undertake v.承担,着手做undertake to do 1、开始做you start doing it and accept responsibility for it 2、承诺做you promise that you will do it.--He undertook to inform everyone concerned. --We undertake a investigation.承担,着手做:start to do sth take off doing sth be engaged in sth(参与,从事于,忙于) set out to do set about doing undertaking n.事业,工作(正在着手做的事)Assignment (工作中的)任务,作业 on an assignment 去执行公务 assign 分配,指派mission 使命 Mission Impossible 谍中谍foresight [fɔ:saɪt] n 预见,深谋远虑foresee 预见 forecast 预测,预报 predict预计 expect期望,预计Fore前缀表示 1、前部的(空间),前面的(时间) 2、预先1、forehead forearm前臂 forefinger食指 foreword前言(写在〔书〕前面的话 → 前言) Forerunner 先驱,先兆 forefather祖先 foresight 远见2、foresee forecast foretell forestall阻止(预先制止)foretell [fɔ:tel] v 预言 名词的预测一般用prediction prophecy [prɒfɪsɪ] n. 预言;allegory [lɪg(ə)rɪ] 寓言(讽寓) fable [feɪb(ə)l] (n. 寓言;无稽之谈vi. 编寓言;虚构vt. 煞有介事地讲述;虚构)foretell 一般的通俗用语,往往指根据客观因素做出的预告,强调预先要发生的事。

      forecast 指对未来事件的预报、推测或设想,侧重最终可能出现的结果predict 较正常的正式用词,通常用于人指根据事实或自然规律进行推断后作出预告,隐含有科学的准确性foresee 指提前、预先料到将要发生的事或指对未发生的事情形成一种概念或判断chasm [kz(ə)m] n.断层,裂缝,陷坑 (n. 峡谷;裂口;分歧;深坑)a rope bridge across the chasm 横跨裂缝的绳索桥n.分歧,不同,裂痕 (a big difference between the opinions, experience, ways of life)a deep political chasm between these two countries 两个国家间的很大的政治分歧flaw [flɔ:] n.瑕疵,小裂缝,小错,弱点;裂缝,裂纹 vt&vi. 使生裂缝,使有裂纹;使无效;使有缺陷(a mistake, mark or weakness that makes something imperfect) 事物表面的裂纹,引申出瑕疵,缺陷fatal flaw 致命的弱点cleft [kleft] n.裂缝,裂口(自然形成)((尤指岩石、地表的)裂缝;额头(或下巴)中间的竖缝;(身体)V字形凹陷)a natural crack in the surface of rocks or the earth etc.a sharp cleft between rich and poor 贫富之间的巨大差异cleavage [kli:vɪdʒ] n.(劈裂的)裂痕,不同意见 (n. 劈开,分裂;[晶体] 解理;[胚] 卵裂)a sharp cleavage in the attitudes towards education 关于教育的截然不同的意见 cleave 1、劈开 [文学性] 2、cleave to坚忠于 [正式]fissure n. 裂缝,(尤指岩石上的)裂沟;分歧v.(使)裂开,分裂(a deep crack, especially in rock or earth)crack n.(一个)开口,缝隙 (1、使…破裂; 破裂2、使…噼啪作响; 发出辟裂声3、撞击4、叩开(壳鸡蛋)5、破解难题,密码等) 最普通的用词eg. She opened the door a crack and slipped in.crevice [krevɪs] n. (岩石上的)细小裂缝(a narrow crack , especially in rock)gap n. 间隙;缺口;差距;分歧( an empty space between two objects) 强调空间the generation gap 代沟eg. There is wide gap in my knowledge of history.我历史知识十分缺乏。

      distinguished adj.杰出的、著名的(学术上、领域知名的)very successful and respected; well known; remarkableeg. A distinguished scientist won The Nobel Prize.a tall, distinguished-looking man 一个高个,相貌非凡的男子unremarkable remarkably remark vt 谈到、说起(正式评论、谈论on/upon) n. 评论、意见 aboutoutstanding(adj.突出的,杰出的,卓越的)-- Ourheadmasterisanoutstandingyouth.(n.年轻人, 青少年)Distinguished(adj.杰出的, 卓越的, 不同非凡的)(非常成功且令人钦佩的) ~ physicist [‘fɪzɪsɪst]Eminent(adj.显赫的, 杰出的, 有名的, 优良的) [‘emɪnənt] (尤指在某一行业、专业领域中颇有名气的)Distinguished和eminent是同义词(都是用来修饰严肃领域的人)-- adistinguishedphysicist(n.物理学家), aneminentsurgeon(n.外科医生)-- aneminentjudge(n.法官), adistinguishedlawyer(n.律师)no。

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