Celebration---Grammar教案.docx

英语：Unit 3《Celebration》Grammar（1）（北师大版必修1）一. 教学内容：Unit 3 of Module I Celebration Period Three（Grammar） 二. 本周目标与要求： 1. 主动语态和被动语态的结构和用法2. 被动语态的一些特殊用法（主动表被动，被动表主动等）3. 情态动词的用法三. 本周语法讲解：动词的语态1. 语态语态也是动词的一种形式，英语有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，而被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者 1）We use electricity to run machines. （主动语态） 2）Electricity is used to run machines. （被动语态） 2. 被动语态的时态形式被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的 歌诀：被动语态be字变，过去分词跟后面常用的被动语态有下列几种时态形式 时间一般时进行时完成时现在am/is/are askedam/is/are being askedhave/has been done 过去was /were be askedwas /were being askedhad been done 将来will /shall be asked过去将来should /would be asked 3. 被动语态的基本用法（1）不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。

例如：Some new computers were stolen last night. 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了不知道电脑是谁偷的）This book was published in 1981.这本书出版于1981年2）强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者例如：The window was broken by Mike.窗户是迈克打破的This book was written by him.这本书是他写的Eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed.每天8小时睡眠必须得到保证歌诀：谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做的没有必要；动作承受者需强调，被动语态运用到4. 主动语态变被动语态的方法 （1）把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语 （2）把谓语变成被动结构（be＋过去分词）根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式） （3）把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格例如： All the people laughed at him. →He was laughed at by all the people. They make the bikes in the factory. →The bikes are made（by them）in the factory. 歌诀：宾变主，主变宾，by短语后面跟。

谓语动词变被动，be后“过分”来使用 5. 含有情态动词的被动语态 含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词＋be＋过去分词”构成，原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后“to”仍要保留 歌诀：情态动词变被动，情态加be加“过分”， 如若情态后带to，变后有to才算数例如：We can repair this watch in two days. →This watch can be repaired in two days. You ought to take it away. →It ought to be taken away. 6. 被动语态的一些特殊用法1）短语动词的被动语态 短语动词转换为被动语态时，通常被看作是一个动词，后面的介词或副词不能拆开或省略例如： ①So far no correct conclusion has arrived at. ②All the rubbish should be got rid of. 2）“get + -ed分词”的被动语态 “get + -ed分词”结构强调动作的结果，而非动作本身，常用来表示突发性的，出乎意料的偶然事件。

例如： The boy got hurt on his way home from work. 另外，“get + -ed分词”还可用于谈论为自己做的事，是主动的行为而不是被动的行为例如：get dressed（穿衣服） get divorced（离婚） get engaged（订婚） get confused（迷惑不解） get lost（迷路） get washed（洗脸） get married（结婚） 3）能带两个宾语和复合宾语的动词改为被动语态 ①能带两个宾语的动词改为被动语态时，一次只能由一个宾语作主语，另一个宾语被保留下来例如：We showed the visitors our new products.（主动语态） The visitors were shown our new products.（被动语态） Our new products were shown to the visitors.（被动语态） ②能带复合宾语的动词改为被动语态时，原来的宾语补足语变为主语补足语例如： The teacher appointed him League secretary.（主动语态） He was appointed League secretary.（被动语态） 4）被动语态与系表结构的区别 ①The novel was well written.（系表结构） ②The novel was written by Diskens.（被动语态） 5）主动形式表示被动意义①少数动词的主动语态有时有被动的意思wash（洗起来）, clean（擦起来）, cook, iron, look, cut, sell, read（读起来）, wear, feel, draw, write（写起来）, drive… 例如：The book is selling remarkably well. The song sounds very beautiful. My watch needs cleaning. （= My watch needs to be cleaned）. 能像need这样用的动词还有：want, require, deserve, do, owe等。

例如: The meat is cooking. The book written by the professor is printing. ②blame, let （出租）, remain, keep, rent, build I was to blame for the accident. Much work remains. ③在need, require, want, worth （形容词）, deserve后的动名词必须用主动形式 The door needs repairing.= The door needs to be repaired. This room needs cleaning. 这房间应该打扫一下 This book is worth reading. 这本书值得一读 6）被动形式表示主动意义在这些短语结构中：be determined, be pleased, be graduated （from）, be finished, be prepared （for）, be occupied （in）, get married 例如：He is graduated from a famous university. 他毕业于一所有名的大学。

注意： 表示同某人结婚，用marry sb. 或get married to sb. 都可 He married a rich girl. He got married to a rich girl.7）习惯表达如这些：believe, consider, declare, expect, feel , report, say, see, suppose, think, understand It is said that…据说 It is reported that… 据报道 It is believed that… 大家相信 It is hoped that… 大家希望 It is well known that… 众所周知 It is thought that… 大家认为 It is suggested that… 据建议 It is taken granted that… 被视为当然 It has been decided that… 大家决定 It must be remembered that…务必记住的是 It is said that she will leave for Wuhan on Tuesday.They say she will leave for Wuhan on Tuesday.8）使用被动语态应受哪些限制 英语和汉语一样，其动作都有主动和被动之分，汉语中不是所有的动词都可采用被动结构；同样道理，英语中也有不少动词不能用于被动结构，即被动语态。

英语中，除不及物动词不能用于被动语态外，还有下列情况不能使用被动语态的结构： ①感官动词、系动词、表示状态和特征的及物动词、表示所属关系的静态动词、含有容纳、适合等意思的及物动词也不能用于被动语态如sound，look，become，appear, belong, contain, cost, fit, have, resemble, suit , die, escape, fall, happen, last, remain, succeed, occur, come true, take place, consist of 例如：She has a nice car. The woolen coat fits her well. Miss Li became a doctor ten years ago. This plan sounds a good one. Great changes have taken place in my hometown since 1949. This car belongs to my uncle. ②宾语是动词不定式、动名词例如：They promised me to go with me. I enjoy listening to pop music. ③宾语是反身代词。

例如：She hurt herself this morning. They warned themselves to be careful. ④宾语是人身上的一部分或器官例如：He put his hand on his chest and began to cough. I could hardly believe my ears.。