英美文学选读要点总结精心整理下载版4.doc

英国】Chapter 4 The Victorian Period(1836-1901)维多利亚时期1. Common sense and moral propriety, which were ignored by the Romanticists, again became the predominant preoccupation in literary work.道德和常理这些被浪漫主义时代遗弃多年的主题，又回到了文学主流中来2. Oscar Wilde and Walter Pater, both notorious advocators of the theory of “art for art’s sake.”唯美主义者奥斯卡．王尔德与沃尔特．培特都极力推崇“为了艺术而艺术”的观点3. Utilitarianism was widely accepted and practiced.实用主义大行其道4. The poetry of this period was mainly characterized by experiments with new styles and ways of expression.这个时期的诗歌具有风格标新，表达立异的特点。

5. Victorian literature, in general, truthfully represents the reality and spirit of the age. The high-spirited vitality, the down to earth earnestness, the good-matured humor and unbounded imagination are all unprecedented.维多利亚时期文学，真实地反映了时代的现实与精神，其中体现出的高度的活力，脚踏实地的精神，善意的幽默与无羁无绊的丰富联想都是空前的I)Charles(I)Charles DickensDickens 查尔斯．狄更斯查尔斯．狄更斯6. Soon The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club appeared in monthly installments. It is once lifted him into a position of fame and fortune.很快《皮克威克外传》也出版了，这使狄更斯一度名利双收。

7. Dickens is one of the greatest critical realist writer of the Victorian Age.狄更斯是伟大的批判现实主义作家8. The best he can do seems to try to retain an optimism with wishful thinking.他所能做的只是保持一种充满希望的乐观主义9. Whatever his limitations, this man is loved and admired by the millions, not only for the practical reform his works have helped to bring about but also for that heart which is ready to love and sympathize.不管狄更斯有何局限性，他都深受人民大众喜爱，不仅因为他的作品促进社会改良，更因为他那颗善良博爱之心10. In his works, Dickens sets out a full map and a Large-scale criticism of the nineteenth century England, particularly London.在他的作品中，狄更斯对１９世纪的英国，特别是伦敦做出了全面地描绘及大量的批评。

11. His early works contain Oliver Twist, Nicholas Nickleby, The Pickwick Paper(legal fraud), David Copperfield and Martin Chuzzlewit.他的早期作品包括《雾都孤儿》，《尼古拉斯．尼克尔比》，《皮克威克外传》（合法欺骗），《大卫．科波菲尔》和《马丁．瞿述伟》等等12. This youthful brightness and optimism is also manifest in the constant jokes and laughter.作者青年时期的这种明朗与乐观还体现在作品的幽默与笑料中13. His later works contain A tale of two Cities, Bleak House, Little Dorrit, Hard Times and Great Expectations.后期作品包括《双城记》，《荒凉山庄》，《小多利特》，《艰难时世》和《远大前程》14. Charles Dickens is a master story-teller.狄更斯具有惊人的讲故事能力。

15. Dickens’ works are also characterized by a mingling of humor and pathos.狄更斯的作品还有一个特点，是将幽默与哀伤的泪水交汇起来16. Sometimes Dickens seems so anxious to wring an extra tear from the audience that he indulges himself in excessive sentimental melodrama and spoils the story.有时狄更斯会将作品写的令读者潸然泪下，但由于他过于注重悲情的渲染，有时会破坏故事的连贯性17. Charles Dickens is one of the greatest Victorian writers, and his name one of those to be remembered forever. 狄更斯是英国文学史上能与莎士比亚齐名的文学巨人，他的作品与人格都将永远留在人民心中II)The(II)The BronteBronte SistersSisters 布朗蒂姐妹布朗蒂姐妹18. Charlotte Bronte, Emily Bronte, and their gifted sister Anne Bronte came from a large family of Irish origin.夏洛蒂.布朗蒂，艾米丽.布朗蒂，安妮.布朗蒂三姐妹出生于爱尔兰裔的大户人家。

19. Charlotte’s second novel, Jane Eyre, won immediate success when it appeared in 1847. In the same year, Emily’s single and unique work Wuthering Heights and Anne’s Agnes Grey were also published.夏洛蒂的第二部小说《简爱》问世后立即大获成功同年，艾米丽唯一的小说《呼啸山庄》与安妮的《阿格尼斯.格雷》也相继发行20. Charlotte’s works are all about the struggle of an individual consciousness towards self-realization, about some lonely and neglected young women with a fierce longing for love, understanding and a full, happy life.夏洛蒂的作品主题几乎都是个人自觉地为实现自我价值而奋斗，都是有关一些孤独而卑微的少女对爱情，理解与完整幸福的生活的强烈渴求。

21. In her mind, man’s life is composed of perpetual battle between sin and virtue, good and evil.在她看来，人生就是一场永不停息的罪恶与美德的斗争22. All her heroines’ highest joy arises from some sacrifice of self or some human weakness overcome.她小说中的女主人公最大的快乐都来自一些自我牺牲后或个人弱点被战胜后获得的幸福23. She is a writer of realism combined with romanticism. On one hand, she presents a vivid realism picture of the English society by exposing the cruelty, hypocrisy and other evils of the upper classes, and by showing the misery and suffering of the poor. On the other hand, her writings are marked throughout by an intensity of vision and passion.她还是集现实主义与浪漫主义于一身的作家。

一方面，她真实生动的再现了英国上流社会的残酷，虚伪及其他丑恶现象以及下层贫苦人民的不幸另一方面，她的笔下充盈这美好的情与景24. Jane Eyre: It is noted for its sharp criticism of the existing society. The success of the novel is also due to its introduction to the English novel the first governess heroine.《简爱》：它以对当时社会尖锐的批评而闻名于世小说的成功在于它在英国小说史上第一次成功的塑造出了家庭教师的女主人公形象25. The vivid description of her intense feelings and her thought and inner conflicts brings her to the heart of the audience.小说通过对简热烈的情感，思想以及内心冲突的生动描写，向读者展示出了一幅心灵画卷26. Wuthering Heights: It is the story about two families and an intruding stranger.《呼啸山庄》讲的是两个家庭与一个外来者的故事。

III)Alfred(III)Alfred TennysonTennyson 阿尔弗雷德阿尔弗雷德. .丁尼生丁尼生27. He was appointed the Poet Laureate.丁尼生被授予“桂冠诗人”的荣誉28. Tennyson’s poetic career is also marked out by Idylls of the King (the Celtic legends of King Arthur).丁尼生另一部代表作是《国王诗歌集》，故事源于凯尔特民族关于亚瑟王与他的圆桌骑士的传说29. For one th。