2022年大学英语四级写作题型及作文范文：说明文.docx

2022年大学英语四级写作题型及作文范文：说明文按写作方法,英语说明文主要分为下面六种类型:　　1.例证法　　这是用详细例子来说明人或事物的特征、本质及其规律的方法,所用例子必需有代表性、典型性,能表达人或事物的本质特征这是用特别来说明一般的方法通常在主题句后,用 For example 或 For instance 等短语引导出详细的例子例如:　　Our life today depends very much on energy. For example, machines have made our life easier than it used to be. The machines use energy, and energy is needed for heating, lighting, communications, carrying goods-everything. Factories use a great deal of energy to make the things that we use and buy and sell.　　这段主要是讲能源问题。

第一句为主题句,概括地说出“我们目前的生活很大程度上依靠能源“接着用举例的方法从三方面说明能源的作用　　2.定义法　　下定义就是给说明对象一个明确概念这是科学而严密的说明方法它既能提醒事物的本质特征,勾画其也许,描绘其轮廓,同时也能确定事物的范围和界限下定义是多方面的,可以给人、事物、思想等下定义例如:　　An ideal teacher must have the following characteristics. He should know his subject, but he can make mistakes if he is willing to learn. His personality is as important as his scholarship. An ideal teacher must be enthusiastic. He should be a bit of an actor and he shouldn”t be afraid to show his feelings and express his likes and dislikes. An ideal teacher is one who grows, learns, and improves himself along with his students.　　本段的绽开是通过对“一个榜样教师“下定义的方法,关键词“ideal teacher“在文中屡次重复,能加深读者的印象。

　　3.分类法　　分类法是对同属不同类或同类而不同种的人或事物,依据不同性质进展分门别类地说明的方法分类是人类熟悉客观世界的重要手段之一分类必需遵守分类规章,使分类对象具有统一属性,依据同一分类标准,并使分类的子项相互排斥,不相互包蕴例如:　　As far as political views are concerned, people fall into three categories. First are the conservative people. Conservatives are opposed to sudden or great changes. Second are the liberal people. These people are in favor of progress and reform. But their opinions often seem too idealistic. Third are the moderate people. The moderates keep everything within reasonable limits. They are more practical in this hard world. In my opinion, most people seem to belong to this group.　　本段把人按政治观点分为三类:保守派(conservative people)、自由派(liberal people)和温柔派(moderate people),并对他们各自的特征进展了简要的分析。

　　4.因果关系法　　事物变化的缘由和结果是严密相关的假如某个现象的存在必定引起另一个现象的发生,那么,这两个现象之间就具有因果关系因果关系包括“由果推因“(由结果去推想缘由)和“由因推果“(由缘由去推想结果)两种状况因果关系符合人们的日常思维规律,因而在写作中得到广泛应用,常用 because, as, since, so, now that, if...then, the reason is that...等表示因果关系例如:　　Of the four seasons, I like spring best. I prefer spring because it is a season of much joy and gaiety. New life bursts out everywhere. Plants wear a green coagain and colorful flowers blossom in gardens and mountains. The old come outdoors for fresh air and the young plan for outdoor activities. Life becomes so energetic and happy.　　第一句为本段主题句,末句是总结句。

在主题句后, 用了四个句子阐述自己喜爱春天的理由　　5.比拟对比法　　有意识地把两种相反、相对的事物或同一事物相反、相对的两个方面放在一起,用比拟的方法加以描述或说明,指出其一样点,这种写法叫做“比拟“;指出其不同点,叫做“对比“比拟和对比各有不同的侧重,但两种方法常常结合使用　　进展比拟对比通常有两种方式第一种方式采纳“先A后B“的构造,即A1,A2,A3...; B1, B2, B3...其次种方式采纳“AB交叉“构造,即A1,B1;A2,B2;A3,B3...第一种方式采纳先A后B的构造实际上是把一个段落(或一篇文章)分割为两局部,先全面讲A,再全面讲B,这样做较难收到剧烈的比照效果多数人认为其次种方式比拟好,由于把比照的双方AB逐点交叉,可以避开行文的单调沉闷,比照的效果也会更鲜亮突出例如:　　It is easy to be a winner. A winner can show his joy publicly. He can laugh and sing and dance and celebrate his victory. People love to be with winners. Winners are never lonely. Unlike winners, losers are the lonely ones of the world. It is difficult to face defeat with dignity. Losers can not show their disappointments publicly. They can not cry or grieve about their defeat. They may suffer privately, but they must be composed in public. They have nothing to celebrate and no one to share their sadness.　　这段采纳先A后B的对比方式,阐述成功者和失败者的不同特征。

这种写法较易操作,但行文往往比拟平淡单调再来看看AB交叉的比拟方式:　　I like having a twin sister. When she’s happy, I’m happy. When she feels unhappy, I feel the same. Often, I know what she’s going to say. Sometimes, I know what she’s thinking. I like what she likes. I hate what she hates. We like the same music, the same food and the same books.　　这段采纳AB交叉的比拟方式,阐述孪生姐妹的一样特征这种写法较流畅自然,给读者的印象也更鲜亮突出。