中考英语复习 第三部分 题型专题突破 专题五 阅读理解课件 （新版）人教新目标版.ppt

专题五 阅读理解,二、题型特点 阅读理解主要考查考生对各种话题和体裁的阅读材料的理解能力以及从各种材料中获取信息的能力等考生只有较快地读懂材料,抓住短文大意并获取关键的信息,才能对阅读问题做出正确的判断要高效地做好阅读理解题,必须分清类型、对症下药,还要运用一定的解题技巧,这样才能轻松搞定各类阅读问题 分析上表可知,安徽近三年的阅读理解体裁主要为记叙文、说明文和应用文阅读材料的话题多样,有图表广告、生活常识、哲理故事、文化风俗、人物介绍等近两年说明文阅读有加大的趋势,同时话题更加多样总的来说,阅读材料均贴近考生生活,有较强的时代性、文化性、思想性和教育性题型设置以细节理解题为主,推理判断题、词义推测题、主旨大意题、标题归纳题为辅 阅读理解最后一题,设有3个小题,要求考生根据短文内容回答问题本篇阅读理解除了考查考生准确获得语言信息能力外,更多的是测试考生综合运用英语的能力做本题要注意以下几点:1.根据不同问题采用不同的应答方式;2.首字母的大小写;3.句末的标点符号;4.句子的主谓语成分和时态;5.每题答案的字数要求等1.通读全文,了解文章大意 读懂材料,抓住短文大意,获取关键的信息,才能对阅读问题做出正确的判断。

抓住文章的首尾句及每段的中心句,获取文章主旨大意 2.读问题,带着问题找答案 考生可先读题目,把握问题的含义,通过寻读法在原文中找出与问题相关的关键词,然后寻找关键词在文章中所在的句子及段落,依据短文内容对试题所给出的句子进行正误判断常见阅读理解的考查方式有以下几种形式:细节理解题、推理判断题、词义推测题、主旨大意题、标题归纳题 3.再读文章,检查答案正确性 完成答题后必须将短文再读一遍,一方面加深对短文的理解,另一方面再对每一道题进行复查,特别是一些似是而非的问题典例1 ( 2017·安徽 ) Kaitlin Riffel’s dream to end poverty( 贫困 ) started when she was visiting her father,who worked for the homeless. “I never realized there were people in the world who didn’t have a home or food before,” said Kaitlin,who is now sixteen.“I knew there was something I had to do about that.” At age eight,she started raising money to build a playground.“It took me two years,” Kaitlin said.“We started small.We wanted to do something to make a difference.” In 2014,when Kaitlin was thirteen,she visited Central America,and saw people going hungry and families living in houses made of cardboard.That year,she set Kids on a Mission,which has helped hundreds of people there. “The rooms were smaller than my bedroom,but there would be eight people living in each one,” Kaitlin said.“We also got to see the dirty rivers that those people were drinking out of.” Providing clean drinking water,food and clothes for people living in poverty is now an important task for Kids on a Mission.“This young lady is changing the hearts of people,and also changing the world,” said the headmaster of Kaitlin’s school.,83.The job of Kaitlin’s father was to . A.sell foods B.build playgrounds C.visit schools D.help homeless people 84.When did Kaitlin set Kids on a Mission? A.In 2009. B.In 2011. C.In 2014. D.In 2017. 85.What was people’s life like in Central America according to Kaitlin? A.They lived in strong houses. B.Their drinking water was dirty. C.Their bedrooms were very big. D.They had enough food and clothes.,86.What can we infer from the headmaster’s words? A.Kaitlin is always ready to give and help. B.Kaitlin has many chances to travel around. C.Kaitlin often changes schools for her study. D.Kaitlin has a serious problem with her heart. 87.What might be the best title for the text? A.School life in America B.Gift from a headmaster C.Father’s duty in the family D.Girl’s dream to end poverty 【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文,介绍了Kaitlin为了实现结束贫困的梦想而做出很多尝试,她努力改变整个世界。

83.D 【解析】细节理解题根据第一段中的“when she was visiting her father,who worked for the homeless”可知,Kaitlin的父亲的工作是帮助无家可归的人 84.C 【解析】细节理解题根据第四段中的“In 2014.That year,she set Kids on a Mission”可知,C项正确 85.B 【解析】细节理解题根据倒数第二段中的“the dirty rivers that those people were drinking out of”可知答案 86.A 【解析】推理判断题根据最后一段第一句可推测Kaitlin乐善好施,故选A项 87.D 【解析】标题归纳题纵观全文,特别是第一段与最后一段可概括出文章的中心是:Kaitlin的梦想是结束贫困细节理解题 利用题目的关键词( 数字、大写、人名、地名等 ),在文中寻找对应词、对应句,在对应词周围找答案或直接在文中把答案标注出来这类试题是针对文章中的细节而设置的,如文章中某一个特定的细节,也可能涉及若干个细节,或者针对文章的主要事实,或者利用图表、图形来表示信息等。

要求考生根据对短文的理解,直接选择正确答案,一般在通读短文后可直接找出答题依据难度较小,属于浅层理解题推理判断题 此类题根据原文给出的信息进行推理与判断主要是对细节的推理和对主旨的推理,文中找不到原句解决此类题要注意:一、与原文相同的细节不能选;二、文中没有出现的细节不能跳出文章做推断;三、根据作者的态度进行推理如何做这类题:( 1 )要以文章提供的事实和线索为依据,忠实于原文,由已知推及未知,遵循“词不离句,句不离段,段不离篇”的原则;( 2 )考生在吃透文章字面意思的基础上,再从字里行间捕捉有用的提示和线索;( 3 )了解文章的体裁、题材和基调,揣摩作者的态度,摸准逻辑发展方向,悟出作者的言外之意;( 4 )要把握句、段之间的逻辑关系,了解语篇的结构等标题归纳题 此类题考查考生对文章主题或中心思想的领会和理解能力:( 1 )以原文为依据,不掺杂个人意见;( 2 )不选对的,只选最适合本篇文章的;( 3 )注意绝对化的词;( 4 )答案要避免以点带面,以偏概全;( 5 )“傻瓜”原则,即文章中没有提到的就当作不知道,不要妄自猜测,一切以文章内容为准典例2 ( 2017·安徽 ) Dear Sunday Globe, I am writing to tell you about your article Smartphones Make Life Easier in last Sunday’s newspaper.You did an excellent job explaining the good points of smartphones,but you didn’t talk about their bad points at all.So,I hope you’ll let me give your readers some advice on smartphone etiquette( 礼仪 ). The first point I’d like to address is loudness.When you talk on your smartphone in public,please don’t shout.In fact,the microphones in smartphones are very sensitive( 灵敏的 ).So,you can be heard even if you speak quietly.,Another point is about personal space.I don’t think it is polite to make calls in small spaces full of people.This makes others uncomfortable and forces them to listen to your personal business.What’s worse,it stops many face-to-face conversations from ever beginning. Lastly,doing two things at the same time is dangerous.For example,making calls while driving is a bad habit.Pay attention to the road! Similarly,when staying with your friends,turn off your smartphone and enjoy their company. Yours truly, Amber Jala,79.Amber Jala wrote the letter to . A.find a good job B.provide advice C.make her life easier D.buy a smartphone 80.What does the underlined word “address” in Paragraph 2 probably 。