青少年归因风格及其与心理健康水平关系的研究.doc

ÇàÉÙÄê¹éÒò·ç¸ñ¼°ÆäÓëÐÄÀí½¡¿µË®Æ½¹ØϵµÄÑо¿ ÇàÉÙÄê¹éÒò·ç¸ñ¼°ÆäÓëÐÄÀí½¡¿µË®Æ½¹ØϵµÄÑо¿ ¡¾Ó¢ÎıêÌâ¡¿Attributional Style and its Correlation with Mental Health in AdolescentsLi Zhanjiang, Qiu Bingwu & Wang JishengBeijing Anding Hospital, Capital Unv. of Medical Science 100088 ¡¾×÷ Õß¡¿ÀîÕ¼½­/Çñ±þÎä/Íõ¼«Ê¢ ¡¾×÷Õß¼ò½é¡¿ÀîÕ¼½­¡¡Ê׶¼Ò½¿Æ´óѧ¸½Êô±±¾©°²Ò½Ôº(100088)Çñ±þÎä¡¡Íõ¼«Ê¢¡¡Öйú¿ÆѧԺÐÄÀíÑо¿Ëù ¡¾ÄÚÈÝÌáÒª¡¿Ä¿µÄ£º±àÖÆÇàÉÙÄê¹éÒò·ç¸ñÎʾí(ASQA)²¢Ì½ÌÖ¹éÒò·ç¸ñÓëÐÄÀí½¡¿µµÄ¹Øϵ¡£·½·¨£º²ÎÕÕ¼ÈÍù±àÖƹéÒò·ç¸ñÎÊ¾í·½·¨±àÖÆASQA£¬Í¬Ê±Ó¦ÓÃASQA¡¢½¹ÂÇ¡¢ÒÖÓôºÍÇ¿ÆÈÎʾí¶Ô534ÃûÇàÉÙÄê½øÐÐÁËÆÀ¶¨¡£½á¹û£ºASQAÈýά¶ÈÄ£Ð͵ÄÄâºÏÖ¸ÊýΪ£ºx[2]/df=511.69/188,GFI=0.91,AGFI=0.89,NNFI=0.91,CFI=0.92,IFI=0.92£»×ÜÎʾíµÄCronbach's αϵÊýΪ0.82£¬Spearmam-Brown·Ö°ëÐŶÈΪ0.84¡£¶àÔªÖ𲽻عé·ÖÎö·¢ÏÖ£¬Îȶ¨—²»Îȶ¨¡¢ÕûÌå—¾Ö²¿Î¬¶È·Ö±ð½øÈëÒÖÓô¡¢½¹ÂǺÍÇ¿ÆȻع鷽³Ì¡£½áÂÛ£ºASQA¾ßÓÐÁ¼ºÃµÄÐŶȺÍЧ¶ÈÖ¸±ê¡£ÇàÉÙÄê¶Ô¸ºÐÔʼþµÄ·¢Éú¹éÒòÓÚÎȶ¨ºÍÕûÌåµÄÔ­Òòʱ£¬ÆäÐÄÀí½¡¿µË®Æ½½ÏµÍ¡£ ¡¾Ó¢ÎÄÕªÒª¡¿Objective:To develop Attributional Style Questionnaire for Adolescents(ASQA) and explore the correlation between attributional style and mental health in adolescents. Method:ASQA was drawn up through referring to Peterson's method. 534 students were measured by ASQA,SSDA,SAS and MMOCI.Results:The goodness of fit indices of threefactor model in ASQA as follows:x[2]/df=511.69/188,GFI=0.91,AGFI=0.89,NNFI=0.91,CFI=0.92,IFI=0.92. Cronbach's α coefficient was 0.82. Spearman-Brown split-half reliability was 0.84. Stable and global variables entered the equations of edpression, anxiety, obsession and compulsion in multiple linear regression analysis. Conclusion:ASQA had good reliability and construct validity. Adolescents were in low level of mental health when they attributed negative events to stable and global causes. ¡¾¹Ø ¼ü ´Ê¡¿¹éÒò·ç¸ñ/ÐÄÀí½¡¿µ/ÇàÉÙÄêAttibutional Style/Mental Health/Adolescent¹éÒò·ç¸ñÊÇÖ¸¸öÌå¶Ôʼþ·¢ÉúµÄÔ­ÒòÏ°¹ßÉÏÇãÏòÓÚ×÷ÔõÑùµÄ½âÊÍ£¬¾ßÓиöÐÔµÄÌص㣬ͨ¹ý¸öÌå¶Ô¶à¸öʼþ·¢ÉúµÄÔ­Òò½øÐÐÅжÏÀ´ÆÀ¶¨¡£¹éÒò·ç¸ñ°üÀ¨ÄÚÔÚ—ÍâÔÚ¡¢Îȶ¨—²»Îȶ¨¡¢ÕûÌå—¾Ö²¿ºÍ¿ØÖÆ—²»¿É¿ØÖÆËĸöά¶È[1,2]¡£Ñо¿ÈÏΪ¶ÔÕý¡¢¸ºÐÔʼþµÄ¹éÒòÊÇÏ໥¶ÀÁ¢µÄ£¬ÌرðÊǰѸºÐÔʼþµÄ·¢Éú¹éÒòÓÚÄÚÔÚ¡¢Îȶ¨ºÍÕûÌåµÄÔ­Òò½Ï°ÑÕýÐÔʼþµÄ·¢Éú¹éÒòÓÚÍâÔڵġ¢²»Îȶ¨µÄºÍ¾Ö²¿µÄÔ­Òò¶Ô¸öÌåµÄÐÄÀí½¡¿µ¸üΪÖØÒª[3]¡£µ«ÊÇ£¬ÎÒ¹úÇàÉÙÄê¶Ô¸ºÐÔʼþ·¢ÉúµÄ¹éÒò·ç¸ñ¾ßÓÐʲôÌص㼰ÆäÓëÐÄÀí½¡¿µµÄ¹ØϵÈçºÎ£¬¹úÄÚδ¼û±¨µÀ¡£±¾Îĸù¾Ý¹éÒò·ç¸ñµÄ±àÖÆ·½·¨±àÖÆÇàÉÙÄê¹éÒò·ç¸ñÎÊ¾í²¢¾Í¹éÒò·ç¸ñÌص㼰ÆäÓëÐÄÀí½¡¿µµÄ¹Øϵ½øÐÐÑо¿£¬ÒÔÆÚΪÇàÉÙÄêÐÄÀí½¡¿µ¸ÉÔ¤ÌṩһЩÀíÂÛÆôʾ¡£¶ÔÏóºÍ·½·¨Ò»¡¢¶ÔÏó1.Ô¤ÊÔ±»ÊÔ£º±±¾©Êк£µíÇøÁ½ËùÖÐѧÕû°à³éÈ¡6¸ö°à£¬Ã¿¸öÄ꼶1¸ö°à£¬¹²260ÃûѧÉú¡£ÄêÁäΪ12¡«18Ë꣬ƽ¾ù14.95±1.57Ëê¡£ÄÐÉúÕ¼47.3%£¬Å®ÉúÕ¼52.7%¡£2.Õýʽ±»ÊÔ£ºÔÚ¶Ô±±¾©ÊÐ3185ÃûÇàÉÙÄêÇ¿ÆÈÏÖÏóÑо¿ÖУ¬¸ù¾ÝÀ³¶ÙÇ¿ÆÈÎÊ¾í£¨¶ùͯ°æ£©[4]Ñ¡È¡µÄ534Ãû£¨Ç¿ÆÈÖ¢×´×é288Ãû£¬¶ÔÕÕ×é246Ãû£¬ÁíÎÄ·¢£©Ñ§Éú×÷Ϊ±¾Ñо¿µÄÕýʽÑо¿¶ÔÏó¡£ÆäÖжÀÉú×ÓŮռ90.1%£¬¸¸Ä¸½ÓÊܽÌÓýÄêÏÞ≥10ÄêµÄÕ¼74.9%¡£Æ½¾ùÄêÁäΪ14.68±1.73Ëê¡£ÄÐÉúÕ¼57.9%£¬Å®ÉúÕ¼42.1%¡£³õÒ»Õ¼18%£¬³õ¶þ16.5%£¬³õÈý19.1%£¬¸ßÒ»19.9%£¬¸ß¶þ10.7%£¬¸ßÈý15.9%¡£¶þ¡¢Ñо¿ÓòâÆÀ¹¤¾ß1.ÇàÉÙÄê¹éÒò·ç¸ñÎʾí(Attributional Style Questionnaire for Adolescents,ASQA)£º±¾Ñо¿²ÎÕÕÓйØѧÕß±àÖƹéÒò·ç¸ñÎʾíµÄ·½·¨[2,5]£¬¸ù¾ÝÎÒ¹úÇàÉÙÄê³£¼ûµÄ¸ºÐÔÉú»îʼþ[6]£¬Ñ¡ÔñÔÚѧҵºÍÈ˼ʹØϵÁ½·½Ãæ³£¼ûµÄ12¸ö¸ºÐÔÇé¾³¹¹³ÉÇàÉÙÄê¹éÒò·ç¸ñÎʾí³õ¸å¡£ÎʾíÒªÇóѧÉú¶ÔÿһÇé¾³·¢ÉúµÄÔ­Òò´ÓÄÚÔÚ—ÍâÔÚ¡¢Îȶ¨—²»Îȶ¨¡¢ÕûÌå—¾Ö²¿¡¢¿ØÖÆ—²»¿É¿ØÖÆËĸöά¶ÈÀ´»Ø´ð¡£Ã¿¸öά¶È´Ó1µ½7.7¼¶ÆÀ·Ö¡£¸ß·Ö±íʾѧÉú¶Ô¸ºÐÔʼþµÄ·¢ÉúÇãÏòÓÚ×÷³öÄÚÔڵġ¢Îȶ¨µÄ¡¢ÕûÌåµÄºÍ²»¿É¿ØÖƵĹéÒò¡£Ê×ÏȽ«±àÖƵÄ12ÌâÎʾí³õ¸åÔÚÔ¤ÊÔ±»ÊÔÖнøÐÐÁËÔ¤²â¡£ÔÚ²âÆÀ¹ý³ÌÖУ¬³ý³õÒ»¡¢¶þÄ꼶¸ö±ðѧÉúÐè½øÐн²½âÍ⣬ÆäÓàѧÉú¾ù¿É×ÔÐÐÆÀ¶¨¡£ÎʾíÎÞÃ÷ÏÔµÄÆçÒåºÍÀí½âÉϵÄÀ§ÄѵÈÎÊÌâ¡£¶ÔÔ¤²â½á¹û½øÐÐ̽Ë÷ÐÔÒòËØ·ÖÎö·¢ÏÖ£¬¿ØÖÆÐÔºÍÎȶ¨ÐÔÁ½¸öά¶ÈºÜÄÑÇø·Ö¡£ÒòΪ¿ØÖÆÐÔά¶ÈÔÚ²¿·ÖÑо¿ÖÐδµÃµ½Ö¤Êµ£¬´æÔÚÒ»¶¨µÄÕùÒé[1]£¬¹Êɾ³ý¿ØÖÆÐÔά¶ÈµÄÌõÄ¿ºóÔÙ½øÐй涨Èý¸öά¶ÈµÄ̽Ë÷ÐÔÒòËØ·ÖÎö£¬É¾µôÔغɵÍÓÚ0.4µÄÁ½¸öÌõÄ¿£¬×îºó»ñµÃÄÚÔÚ—ÍâÔÚ£¬Îȶ¨—²»Îȶ¨£¬ÕûÌå—¾Ö²¿Èý¸öά¶È£¬¹¹³É10ÌõÄ¿µÄÕýʽµ÷²éÎÊ¾í¡£2.MaudsleyÇ¿ÆÈÖ¢×´ÎʾíÐÞ¶©°æ(MMOCI)£ºÏµ20¸öÌõÄ¿µÄÇ¿ÆÈÖ¢×´×ÔÆÀÎÊ¾í¡£¹úÄÚÔÚ´óÖÐѧÉúÖÐÊÔÓþßÓÐÁ¼ºÃµÄÐŶȺÍЧ¶ÈÖ¸±ê[7]¡£ÔÚ±¾Ñо¿ÖиÃÎʾíµÄαϵÊýΪ0.87¡£3.½¹ÂÇ×ÔÆÀÁ¿±í(SAS)£ºÆÀ¶¨×´Ì¬½¹ÂÇ£¬¹²20¸öÌâÄ¿£¬ÓÉÎâÎÄÔ´Òý½ø²¢ÐÞ¶©[8]¡£ÔÚ±¾Ñо¿ÖиÃÎʾíµÄαϵÊýΪ0.89¡£¡¡4.ÇàÉÙÄêÒÖÓô×ÔÆÀÁ¿±í(Self-rating Scale for Depression in Adolescents,SSDA)£ºÓÉ20¸öÏîÄ¿¹¹³É£¬5¼¶ÆÀ·Ö[9]¡£ÔÚ±¾Ñо¿ÖиÃÎʾíµÄαϵÊýΪ0.95¡£Èý¡¢·½·¨Îʾíµ÷²éÖ÷ÒªÒÔ°àΪµ¥Î»¼¯Ìå½øÐУ¬²¿·Ö±»ÊÔÒòȱϯ¶ø½øÐиö±ð²¹²â¡£Ã¿´Îµ÷²éÇ°ÓÉÑо¿ÕßÏò±»ÊÔ½²½âÑо¿Ä¿µÄ¡¢ÒâÒå¼°ÓÃ;£¬ÌرðÇ¿µ÷²âÊÔ½á¹û¾ø¶Ô±£ÃÜÇÒÓëѧУ¹ÜÀíºÍÆÀÓÅÎ޹ء£Ô¤ÊÔÆÀ¶¨Ô¼Ðè25¡«35·ÖÖÓ£¬Õýʽµ÷²éÔ¼50·ÖÖÓ¡£Êý¾Ýͳ¼Æ´¦ÔÚ΢»úÉϽøÐС£²ÉÓÃÁÐɾ·½·¨¶Ôȱʡֵ½øÐд¦Àí¡£Ö÷Ҫͳ¼Æ·½·¨°üÀ¨Ì½Ë÷ÐÔºÍÑéÖ¤ÐÔÒòËØ·ÖÎö¡¢ÐŶȷÖÎöºÍ¶àÔªÏßÐԻعé·ÖÎö¡£½á¹ûÒ»¡¢ASQAµÄЧ¶ÈºÍÐŶÈ1.Ч¶È£ºÓ¦ÓÃÕýʽ±»ÊÔ½øÐÐÈý¸öά¶È½á¹¹Ä£Ð͵ÄÑéÖ¤ÐÔÒòËØ·ÖÎö¡£¾ÝÐÞÕýÖ¸Êýɾ³ýÎó²î½Ï´óÈý¸öÌõÄ¿ºóµÃ³öÈýά¶ÈÄ£Ð͵ÄÄâºÏÖ¸ÊýΪ£ºx[2]/df=511.69/188,GFI=0.91,AGFI=0.89,NNFI=0.91,CFI=0.92,IFI=0.92¡£ÆäÖÐÕûÌå—¾Ö²¿ºÍÎȶ¨—²»Îȶ¨Î¬¶ÈµÄÏà¹ØϵÊýΪ0.54¡£³ýµÚ5ÌâÔÚÄÚÔÚ—ÍâÔÚά¶ÈÉÏÔغɽÏС(λ=0.35)Í⣬ÆäÓàÌõÄ¿ÔغÉÔÚ0.53¡«0.79Ö®¼ä£¨¼û±í1£©¡£ÒÔ7Ìâ¹¹³ÉµÄASQA£¬½øÐÐÒÔºóµÄͳ¼ÆÔËËã¡£¡¡¡¡±í1¡¡ASQAÑéÖ¤ÐÔÒòËØ·ÖÎö½á¹û ÄÚÔÚ—。