
时间状语从句.docx
7页时间状语从句讲练一.概述概念:在复合句中,由时间连接词引导的表示时间的状语从句叫做时间状语从句 ( 在复合句中,要注意主句和从句的时态大多都要保持一致 )一般来说,时间状语从句常由连词 when, before, after, as soon as 或 until 等引导在使用时,从句一般不用一般将来时态若主句为一般将来时态或是含有将来的意味时,时间状语从句常用一般现在时态来代替将来,即“主将从现” 如:I will go to the cinema as soon as I finish my homework. 我一完成作业就去电影院When I grow up, I will join the army. 当我毕业了,我就要去参军二.常用连接词举例1. when 连接的时间状语从句when 相当于汉语的“当 时候” 如:When the weather is fine, many families go out for a walk. 天气好时,很多家庭都出去散步When I got home, I found mother cooking for me. 我到家时,发现妈妈在为我做饭。
I always go to see the doctor when I do not feel well. 我感到不舒服时总要去看医生Please let me know when you have trouble. 有因难时请告诉我2. before/after 连接的时间状语从句before 表示“在 之前” , after 表示“在 这后” 如:He telephoned that he couldn’t come before the concert began.他打来说音乐会开始前来不了了Mother always prepares supper before I come back from school.妈妈总是在我放学回家前把晚饭准备好I will go out to play basketball with you after I finish my homework.我做完功课后就和你一起出去打篮球3. as soon as 连接的时间状语从句as soon as表示“一 就 ” ,强调动作紧密相连如:We start to sing as soon as it is 12o’clock. 一到12点,大家就开始唱起来。
We began t work as soon as we got there. 我们一到那儿,就马上开始工作4. until 连接的时间状语从句until 表示一个动作一直持续到某一时刻,即“直到 ” 如:He waited until all the people left. 他一直等到所有的人都走了I didn't go to bed until Mum came back. 直到妈妈回家后我才上床睡觉5. while 连接的时间状语从句while 连接时间状语时,表示主句的行为在从句行为过程之中发生由于 while 从句表示一个持续的行为,所以从句中要用持续性动词或状态动词,并且持续性动词常用进行时态如:while they are waiting for the New Year, they listen to music, sing songs and have fun.在等待新年到来的一段时间里,他们听音乐、唱歌、娱乐 (听音乐行为是在等待过程之中进行的)Do not make any noise while I am recording.我录音时不要吵闹 (在我录音的过程中你不要吵闹)People wave flags while the parade went down the street.游行队伍经过街道时人们挥舞旗帜。
人们挥舞旗帜的行为是在游行队伍从街道经过的过程中进行的)三.几组引导词的辨析1. till, until 和 not until(1) until/till 引导时间状语从句用于肯定句时,主句的动词是延续性动词 ,表示动作或状态一直持续到 until/till 所表示的时间 ,意为“某动作一直延续到某时间点才停止” 如:We waited until he came.直到他来,我才买了这本书2) 用于否定句时,主句谓语动词是非延续性动词,从句为肯定,意为“某动作直到某时间才开始”如:I didn ’t buy this book until he came. 直到他回来我才买了这本书3) till 不可以置于句首,而 until 可以如:Until you told me I had no idea of it. 知道你告诉我我才知道这件事4) not until 句型中的倒装和强调说法:Not until he came did I buy this book. 直到他回来我才买了这本书It was not until he came that I bought this book. 直到他回来我才买了这本书2. when ,while 和 as(1) when 引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词,又可以是瞬时动词。
并且 when 有时表示“就在那时”例如:When she came in, I stopped eating.她进来时,我停止吃饭 (瞬时动词 )When I lived in the countryside, I used to carry some water for him.当我住在农村时,我常常为他担水 (延续性的动词)We were about to leave when he came in.我们就要离开,就在那时他进来了2) while 引导的从句的谓语动作必须是延续性的,并强调主句和从句的动作同时发生(或者相对应) .并且 while 有时还可以表示对比例如:While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV . (was reading 是延续性的动词, was reading 和 was watching 同时发生 )I like playing football while you like playing basketball.我喜欢踢足球,而你喜欢打篮球 (对比)(3) As 表示“一边 一边” , as 引导的动作是延续性的动作,一般用于主句和从句动作同时发生;as也可以强调“一先一后。
例如:We always sing as we walk.我们总是边走边唱 ( as 表示“一边 一边” ) As we was going out, it began to snow.当我们出门时,开始下雪了 ( as 强调句中两个动作紧接着先后发生,而不强调开始下雪的特定时间)3. before 和 after由 before 和 after 引导的时间状语从句注意 before 引导的从句不再用否定式的谓语,并且当 before引导的从句位于主句之后,有时译成“就,才” 还要注意主句和从句之间的时间关系当主句用将来时,从句总是用现在时;如果 before 引导的主句谓语用的是过去完成时,则从句动词多用一般过去时,这样以便体现动作发生的先后 After 表示主句动作发生在从句动作之后主句和从句的动作的时间关系正好与 before 引导的从句相反例如:It will be four days before they come back. 他们要过四天才能回来Einstein almost knocked me down before he saw me. 爱因斯坦几乎把我撞倒才看到我。
My father had left for Canada just before the letter arrived.我父亲恰好在信到之前去加拿大了They had not been married four months before they were divorced.他们结婚还不到四个月就离婚了After you think it over, please let me know what you decide.你仔细考虑过以后,告诉我你是怎样决定的After we had finished the work, we went home.完成工作之后,我们回家了 (从句用过去完成时,主句用一般过去时)4. till和 until由 till 或 until 引导的时间状语从句 till 和 until 一般情况下两者可以互换,但是在强调句型中多用until 并且要注意的是:如果主句中的谓语动词是瞬时动词时,必须用否定形式;如果主句中的谓语动词是延续性动词时,用肯定或否定形式都可以,但表达的意思不同 till 不可以用在句首,而 until 可以放在句首例如:I didn't go to bed until (till ) my father came back. 直到我父亲回来我才上床睡觉。
It was not until the meeting was over that he began to teach me English.直到散会之后他才开始教我英语I worked until he came back. 我工作到他回来为止I didn't work until he came back. 他回来我这才开始工作Please wait until I arrived. 在我到达之前请等我四.扩展:1. 一些词,如 the moment, the minute, the instant, 等也可引导一个时 间状语从句,相当于 assoon as的意思He jumped off the couch the moment the telephone rang.一响,他就从沙发上跳起来了2. immediately, directly, instantly, 也可引导时间状语They phoned me immediately they reached home. 我们刚到家就响了3. hardly when, scarcely when, no sooner than 引导时间状语,相当于 as soon as 的意思。
如果 hardly 或 no sooner 或 scarcely 置于句首,句子必 须用部分倒装结构主句使用过去完成时,。
