
高中英语虚拟语气语法讲解.docx
5页高中英语虚拟语调语法解说-08-14 00:00 高中英语虚拟语调语法解说 虚拟语调是一种动词形式,表达说话人的一种愿望,假设,怀疑,猜想, 建议等含义,虚拟语调所示的含义不是客观存在的事实在条件句中的应用,条件句可分为两类,一类为真实条件句,一类为非真实条件句非真实条件句表达的是假设的或实际也许性不大的状况,故采用虚拟语调 一、虚拟语调在从句中的使用虚拟语调即体现不也许发生或与预期相反的状况一方面我们应熟悉它在三种时态里的使用状况,这是对的使用虚拟语调的基本这三种时态是:目前;过去;将来 1、表达目前的虚拟式 从 句主 句与目前事实相反 动词的过去式(be的过去式一般用were) would/ should/ could/ might + 动词原形 与过去事实相反 had + 过去分词would/ should/ could/ might + have + 过去分词与将来事实相反 动词过去式,should + 动词原形,were to + 动词原形would/ should/ could/ might + 动词原形If I were a bird, I would fly to you. 如果我是只鸟,我就会飞到你身边去。
If it were not for their help, we should be in a very difficult position.如果不是她们的帮忙,我们就会处在一种非常困难的境地 2、表达过去的虚拟式 从 句主 句与目前事实相反 动词的过去式(be的过去式一般用were)would/ should/ could/ might + 动词原形与过去事实相反 had + 过去分词 would/ should/ could/ might + have + 过去分词 与将来事实相反 动词过去式,should + 动词原形,were to + 动词原形would/ should/ could/ might + 动词原形If we had started earlier, we should not have missed the train.如果我们早一点动身的话,就不会误车了If she hadn’t been ill, she might have come. 如果她不是病了,也许会来的 3、表达将来的虚拟式 从 句主 句与目前事实相反 动词的过去式(be的过去式一般用were)would/ should/ could/ might + 动词原形与过去事实相反 had + 过去分词would/ should/ could/ might + have + 过去分词与将来事实相反 动词过去式,should + 动词原形,were to + 动词原形 would/ should/ could/ might + 动词原形 If Professor Li should have time tomorrow, we could ask him some questions. 如果李专家明天有空的话,我们可以问她点问题。
If there should be no air, there would be no living things.如果没有空气,就不会有生物 二、错综时间的虚拟句 一般状况下,在非真实条件句中主句和从句的谓语动词所指时间是一致的, 但有时也也许指不同的时间,这时要根据上下文的意思采用不同的谓语动词形式.If I were you, I would have taken his advice. (从句指目前, 主句指过去)换成我是你,我就会听从她的建议If I had taken my raincoat with me this morning, I would not be wet now. (从句指过去,主句指目前)如果我今天早上带了雨衣,目前就不会被淋湿了 If we hadn’t been working hard in the past few years, things wouldn’t be going so smoothly.(从句指过去,主句指目前)如果过去几年里不努力工作,目前的状况就不会如此顺利了 If the weather had been more favorable, the crops would be growing still better.(从句指过去,主句指目前)。
如果当时的天气更好点,目前的庄稼就会长得更好 If we had not got everything ready by now, we should be having a more terrible time tomorrow. (从句指目前,主句指将来) 如果目前一切还没准备好,明天状况就更糟了 三、含蓄条件句 有时假设的状况并不以条件从句表达出来,二是暗含在上下文中,例如通过介词短语来表达这些介词常是:but for, without, otherwise等如: But for your advice, I could not have done it so successfully. 如果不是听了你的建议,我就不会做的如此成功The change could not have taken place without the open-door policy.没有开放的政策,就不会有如此大的变化I was so busy then, Otherwise, I would have told him the answer.我当时很忙,否则,我就会把答案告诉她的。
四、虚拟语调在某些从句中的应用 1、wish后的宾语从句(would rather (sooner) 后也是如此) I would rather they came tomorrow. 我宁愿她们明天来 How I wish it wasn’t raining now. 如果目前不下雨该多好呀! I wish I had not been to yesterday’s party. 我要不去参与昨天的宴会就好了! 但would rather 后没有主语则应使用零不定式. 2、suggest, order, demand, propose, command, request, desire, insist 等动词后的宾语从句 They demanded that the aggressor troops (should) be withdrawn immediately. 她们规定侵略者立即撤退 I propose that we (should) set a deadline for handing in the plan. 我建议应当制定一种交筹划的最后期限。
3、it is desired, it’s suggested, it’s requested, it was ordered that, it was proposed that, it is necessary that, it is important that, it has been decided that 等之后的主语从句: It is necessary that he (should) be sent there at once. 有必要立即派她前去 It’s required that Mr. Lee (should) give a performance at the party. 规定李先生在晚会上出个节目 It’s desired that we (should) get everything ready by tonight. 规定我们在今晚前把一切准备好 4、在suggestion, motion, proposal, order, recommendations, plan, idea 等背面引出的表语从句和同位语从句中: The order came that all villagers evacuate from the village. 规定所有村民撤退的命令下达了。
I second Xiao Li’s motion that we set up a special board to tackle the problem. 小李建议成立一种特别委员会解决此问题,我附议 5、在下列句型中要用 should +动词原形如:it is a pity, it is a shame, it is incredible, it is strange, it is no wonder It is a great pity that he should be so conceited. 很可惜,她这个人居然这样自大 It’s strange that she should have failed to see her own shortcomings. 奇怪的是她竟看不到自己的缺陷 6、as if, as though 引起的从句,其用法同 wish 构成的宾语从句同样 I remember the whole thing as if it happened yesterday. 我清晰地记得这件事就象昨天刚刚发生的 It seems as if it were spring already 似乎目前已经是春天的样子了。
7、以 lest, for fear that, in case 引出的从句,动词多用 should + 动词原形,表达 “惟恐”的意思 He took an umbrella with him lest it should rain. 她带上雨伞以免下雨 He burned all the important documents for fear that they should fall into the enemy's hands. 她把所有的重要文献所有烧毁以免落入敌人的手中 Here’s some money in case you should need it. 这是点钱以免你用地着 8、在 if only 引出的感慨句中 If only I hadn’t lost it! 如果我要不丢该多好! If only I could see him once! 再能看到她一次该有多好! Oh, if he only knew how we miss him! 噢,但愿她能懂得我是多么怀念她! 9、在 it is high time that 之后的定语从句中,谓语动词常用过去式表表达虚拟语调。
It is time that we went (should go) to bed. 目前该上床了 It’s high time that we (should) put an end to this controversy. 目前该是结束这场争辩的时候了 10、用于expect, b。












