轻型木结构轻木构件.ppt

加拿大木业协会设计师培训班第一阶段 – 轻型木结构 Canada Wood Level 1 - Wood-Frame Construction构件设计 Framing Components Herbert Otto B. Arch., MRAIC§ 锯材 Sawn Timber§ 胶合材 Plywood轻型木结构房屋使用不同的木产品 A Variety of Wood Products are Used to Frame a House木基结构材 Wood Based Building Materials§规格材 Dimensioned framing lumber§ 轻型木结构使用标准的规格材（软木）Standard dimension softwood lumber used in wood-frame construction § 名义尺寸 Nominal dimensions § 2x2, 2x3, 2x4, 2x6, 2x8,2x10,2x12 § 实际尺寸 Actual dimensions § 1 ½”x 1 ½” (38mm x 38mm) § 1 ½”x 2 ½” (38mm x 64mm) § 1 ½ ”x 3 ½” (38mm x 89mm) § 1 ½ ”x 5 ½” (38mm x 140mm) § 1 ½ ”x 7 ¼ ” (38mm x 184mm) § 1 ½ ”x 9 ¼ ” (38mm x 235mm) § 1 ½ ”x 11 ¼ ” (38mm x 235mm) §长度 Lengths § 从2.4m到7.3m，每级增加600mmIncrements of 2 feet (600mm) from 8 ft (2.4 m) to 24 ft (7.3 m)木基结构材 Wood Based Building Materials§板材 Boards § 标准尺寸的软木板材 Standard sizes of softwood lumber boards § 名义尺寸 Nominal dimensions § 1x2 § 1x3 § 1x4 § 1x6 § 1x8§ 实际尺寸 Actual dimensions § ¾” x 1 ½” (19mm x 38mm) § ¾” x 2 ½” (19mm x 64mm) § ¾” x 3 ½” (19mm x 89mm) § ¾” x 5 ½” (19mm x 140mm) § ¾” x 7 ¼ ” (19mm x 184mm)框架用木材 Framing Lumber§用于轻型木结构的软木树种Species of softwood lumber used in wood frame construction §花旗松 Douglas Fir §西部落叶松 Western Larch §西部铁杉 Western Hemlock §云杉 Spruce §松 Pine §冷衫 Fir §材性接近的树种放在一起使用Species with similar characteristics given commercial group designations §云杉-松-冷杉 Spruce–Pine–Fir S-P-F §花旗松-落叶松 Douglas Fir-Larch D. Fir-L §铁杉-冷杉 Hemlock-Fir Hem-Fir §指接材 Finger Jointed Lumber §较短的材料，如38x89 和 38x140指接在一起形成较长的材料Short lengths of 38x89 and 38x140 (2x4 and 2x6) joined to form longer pieces. §用于墙骨柱 Used for studs §没有翘曲 Does not warp §材料利用率高 Efficient use of materials规格材分等 Grading Lumber§加拿大的规格材有目测分等和机械分等(MSR)Lumber in Canada visually graded or machine stress rated (MSR) §分等依据 Select structural § 高强度 Highest strength § 良好的外观 Best appearance §一等 Number 1§ 和上述分等依据相似，但允许出现更大的结疤Similar to select structural but larger knots §二等 Number 2§ 和一等的强度分等相似，但外观稍差Similar strength to number 1 but not as good visual appearance §三等 Number 3§ 大量用于施工，外观没有要求Widely used in construction where appearance is not a factor 规格材分等 Grading Lumber§ 墙骨柱等级 Stud Grade § 2x4和2x6的墙骨柱用于承受竖向荷载2x4 and 2x6 rated for vertical loading § 施工级材和标准级材用于结构构件Construction grade and standard grade used for structural applications § 实用级和经济级材用于非结构构件Utility grade and economy grade for non-structural applications分等机构 Grading Agency生产厂代码 Mill designation树种 Species Group含水率 Moisture Content指定的等级 Assigned Grade分等认证章 Grading Stamps§ 规格材每600mm有一个分等认证章Grading stamps are placed on lumber every 600mm (2 ft.) § 只有经认证的机构才能敲章Only issued by accredited associations or agencies根据树种，木材被锯成标准尺寸，并按照 指定的产品强度和性能进行分等 Lumber is sorted by species, sawn into standard sizes and is graded which results in a predictable product with known strength and performance characteristics加拿大轻型木结构 Canadian Wood Frame Housing木基覆面板材 Wood Based Sheathings§在轻型木结构中广泛使用，也可以和 轻型钢结构一起使用Widely used in wood-frame construction and in combination with steel framing §墙骨柱、搁栅和椽条之间的跨度Spans between studs, joists and rafters §可以提高墙体、楼盖和屋顶抵抗振动 、静荷以及地震作用的能力Contributes to racking, load bearing and earthquake resistance of wall, floor and roof assemblies用于楼盖、墙体和屋面的胶合板 Plywood Floor , Wall and Roof Sheathing§覆面板材料由薄木片胶合成Panel material made of thin wood veneers §良好的双向强度和刚度，抵抗冲击破坏和受潮时的尺 寸变形Excellent two way strength and stiffness, resistance to impact damage and dimensional stability when wet §采用企口板以保证楼面的平整和连续性，并考虑是否 需要使用填块T&G used to a ensure continuous flat floor and eliminate need for blocking. §保证平滑的表面，可以铺地毯或者其他的地面做法 Provides smooth surface for carpeting and resilient flooring. §根据结构需要，为了支承陶瓦，需要增加覆面板厚度 Thicker floor sheathing for increased structural support required for ceramic tileCourtesy of the Canadian Wood Council定向刨花板 Oriented Strand Board (OSB) Sheathing§定向刨花板采用速生材锯末、碎屑等细料 胶合而成，其速生材可以用杨树和白杨Panel material made from adhesive and strands, flakes or wafers produced from small diameter logs of fast growing species such as Poplar and Aspen. §墙体、楼盖和屋顶也可以使用相近厚度的 胶合板Wall, floor and roof sheathing with similar thicknesses a plywood. §可以参考结构板材协会的网站获得技术资 料和正确的安装步骤Refer to Structural Board Association for web site for technical information and correct installation proceduresCourtesy of the Structural Board Association其它覆面板产品 Other Sheathing Products§沥青基防火板Asphalt impregnated fibre board §沥青处理过的石膏板Asphalt treated gypsum board (gyplap) §内墙用石膏板Interior gypsum board §刚性保温覆面板Rigid insulation sheathings § 聚苯乙烯挤塑板 Extruded polystyrene § 发泡聚苯乙烯板 Expanded polystyrene § 多异氰脲酸酯 板 Polyisocyanurate §水泥板Cement board工程木产品 Engineered Wood Products§搁栅、梁和框架构件可以用规格材、木纤维或刨花合成材Joists, beams and framing made from dimension lumber, wood fibres or strands held together with a binder. § 保护森林资源Conserves forest resources § 降低建筑浪费Reduces construction waste § 实现更大的建筑净跨Allows longer clear spans §类型Types § 木工字型搁栅Wood I joists § 平行木片胶合木 Parallel strand beams and posts § 层叠木片胶合木 Laminated veneer lumber (LVL) § 腹板开洞搁栅Open 。