育种对玉米产量增长的贡献--D.N.Duvick着，张世煌译.doc

育种对玉米产量增长的贡献Donald N. DuvickIowa State University Ames, Iowa 50011Advances in Agronomy, Vol. 86, 2005. 83-145.翻译：慈晓科 张世煌 许振华 孙琦校对：张世煌(译者感谢张丽和刘明协助排版和制作图表)2目 录一 引 言 ............................................................................................................................................51 上个世纪玉米产量的变化趋势 ...........................................................................................52 产量增长的影响因素 ...........................................................................................................62.1 栽培措施 ...................................................................................................................62.2 植物育种 ...................................................................................................................72.2.1 农民育种 ...............................................................................................................72.2.2 杂交种 ...................................................................................................................82.2.3 改良群体 ...............................................................................................................9二 杂交种籽粒产量的遗传增益 ....................................................................................................101 关于产量遗传增益的早期报道 .........................................................................................102 对产量遗传增益的最新评估 .............................................................................................112.1 阿根廷 .....................................................................................................................112.2 巴西 .........................................................................................................................112.3 美国 .........................................................................................................................113 育种对总的产量增益的贡献 .............................................................................................124 伴随着产量遗传增益杂交种所发生的变化 .....................................................................134.1 植株和穗部性状 .....................................................................................................134.1.1 株高和穗位高 .....................................................................................................134.1.2 叶夹角 .................................................................................................................134.1.3 雄穗大小 .............................................................................................................144.1.4 叶片数 .................................................................................................................144.1.5 叶面积指数（LAI） ..........................................................................................144.1.6 叶片卷曲度 .........................................................................................................144.1.7 持绿度 .................................................................................................................154.1.8 分蘖 .....................................................................................................................154.1.9 开花期 .................................................................................................................154.1.10 吐丝期 ..............................................................................................................154.1.11 开花吐丝期间隔（ASI ） ...............................................................................164.1.12 单株穗数 ..........................................................................................................164.1.13 子粒灌浆期 ......................................................................................................174.1.14 粒重 ..................................................................................................................174.1.15 子粒蛋白质含量 ..............................................................................................174.1.16 子粒淀粉含量 ..................................................................................................174.1.17 收获指数（HI ） ..............................................................................................184.2 抗根倒能力 .............................................................................................................184.3 抗茎倒能力 .............................................................................................................194.4 对非生物逆境的抗性 .............................................................................................194.4.1 高温 .....................................................................................................................194.4.2 低温 .....................................................................................................................204.4.3 干旱 .....................................................................................................................2134.4.4 土壤水分过多（水渍） ......................。