考研英语完型中五大逻辑关系知识讲解.doc

考研英语完型中五大逻辑关系知识讲解 　　从完型填空的命题形式来看，每个空都不是孤立存在的，而是处在一整篇文章的大背景之中的从这个角度来说，完型文章实际上是由信息和信息构成通过相关信息提供的线索进展分析总结，结合选项定位出答案，这就是完型解题的根本方法而相关信息一般在上下句之中，而上下句之间往往有明显的逻辑关系，因此熟练把握这种逻辑关系就成为解题的关键所在 　　逻辑关系题是完型填空的重要考查点，且容易得分，故成为完型的重要得分点完型中主要考察的五大逻辑关系为：对立关系、因果关系、并列关系、总分关系和递进关系 　　包括让步和转折关系，常见的标志词和短语有：but, however, yet, on the contrary, by contrast, unfortunately, although, even though, nevertheless, in spite of, regardless of, anyhow, instead of, rather than, not…but等 　　如2000年完型第41题： 　　He must store a large quantity of grain consuming all his grain immediately. 　　[A]other than [B]as well as [C]instead of [D]more than 　　答案：C 　　解析：此处考查的是逻辑关系，需要根据空前和空后来判断。

空前“储存了大量粮食”与空后“消耗所有粮食”形成对立关系，选C instead of 　　常用的标志词和短语有：because, for, since, as, thus, hence, therefore, so, so…that, such…that, in order that, consequently, aordingly, due to, thanks to, in response to, on aount of, because of, considering that, seeing that, in that, now that, lest, as a result, for this reason等 　　如xx年完型第34题： 　　More families consist of one parent households or two working parents, , children are likely to have less supervision at home. 　　[A]contrarily [B]consequently [C]similarly [D]simultaneously 　　答案：B 　　解析：此处考查的是逻辑关系，需要根据空前和空后来判断。

空前“更多的家庭是单亲家庭或双工家庭”与空后“孩子在家很少受到监管”之间是因果关系，故所B consequently 　　常用的标志词和短语有：and, or, neither…nor, either…or, not only…but also, likewise, similarly, equally, in the same way, that is to say, as well as, same…as等 　　如xx年完型第25题： 　　Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that children mit crimes in response to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status, as a rejection of middle-class values. 　　[A]or [B]but rather [C]but [D]or else 　　答案：A 　　解析：此处考查的是逻辑关系，需要根据空前和空后来判断空前“没有成功提升社会经济地位”与空后“排斥中产阶级的价值观”都可能是“犯罪”的原因，故空前和空后之间是并列关系，选A or。

　　常用的标志词和短语有：such as, for example, for instance, to illustrate, as an illustration, to take an example, more specifically等 　　如xx年完型第31题： 　　The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases the trial of Rosemary West. 　　[A]as to [B]for instance [C]in particular [D]such as 　　答案：D 　　解析：此处考查的是逻辑关系，需要根据空前和空后来判断空前“prominent cases”与空后“the trial of Rosemary West”是包含的关系，总体与局部的关系，可以选for instance和such as，但for instance后面不能直接加名词，such as后要直接加名词，应选D such as。

　　常用的标志词和短语有：then, besides, additionally, in addition, furthermore, moreover, what is more等 　　如1994年完型第46题： 　　Too often, careless use of words prevents a meeting of the minds of the speaker and listener. The words used by the speaker may stir up unfavorable reactions in the listener which interfere with his prehension; hence, the transmission-reception system breaks down. 　　, inaurate or indefinite words may make it difficult for the listener to understand the message which is being transmitted to him. 　　[A]Moreover [B]However [C]Preliminarily [D]Unexpectedly 　　答案：A 　　解析：此处考查的是逻辑关系，需要根据空前和空后来判断。

此空位于段首，需要考虑本段与上一段的逻辑关系，上一段提到“careless use of words”给交谈带来的障碍，空后那么提到“inaurate or indefinite words”理解信息造成的困难前后是递进关系，应选择A moreover 　　掌握了逻辑关系这一个法宝，完型得分就不再是问题。