专业八级人文知识1.ppt

专业八级人文知识复习纲要专业八级人文知识复习纲要1•A. 测试要求：–能基本了解主要英语国家的地理、历史、现状、文化传统等–能初步具备英语文学知识–能初步具备英语语言学知识•B.测试形式和分值：•本部分采用多项选择题形式，要求学生从每个题的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，共10题，10分2英语国家概况英语国家概况3英语国家概况•英语国家概况主要包括：（1）英国社会与文化（2）美国社会与文化（3）西方文化入门（4）希腊，罗马神话（5）圣经4以英国社会文化为例•历史地理： 英国历史地理知识包括： 英国及其各民族的起源，发展和变迁，英国历史上的重大事件，历史人物，主要山脉，河流和湖泊等还包括由地理，地貌而造成的典型天气或气候现象等5•国名：The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland（大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国）国旗：米字旗，红白蓝，国旗的意义国徽，国徽的意义国歌，《上帝保佑女王》国花，玫瑰花首都，人口，行政区划分6•英国的起源：英国的起源：I. 早期居民II.罗马人统治时期的英国III.央格鲁-撒克逊人IV.北欧海盗和丹麦人的入侵V.诺曼征服7•英国的形成：英国的形成：诺曼统治大宪章的内容和意义英国议会的起源百年战争及其结果黑死病1381年农民起义及其意义8•向现代英国的过度：向现代英国的过度：玫瑰战争英国的宗教改革伊丽莎白一世英国文艺复兴英国内战及其结果王朝复辟1688年光荣革命1605年火药阴谋案9•大英帝国的兴衰：大英帝国的兴衰：辉格党人和托利党人18世纪末的农业革命工业革命宪章运动人民宪章工会和工党殖民扩张10•英国经济：英国经济：战后英国经济发展撒切尔政府为改善英国经济而采取的政策英国的石油和天然气11•英国政府机构：英国政府机构：君主制议会国家政要司法机构与法律12•英国社会：英国社会：全国医疗保健计划宗教节日体育教育新闻出版13专有名词•The great charter•the Enclosure Movement•English Renaissance•Glorious Revolution•The Treaty of Paris•the Chartist Movement•the Crimean War•the Opium War•the Treaty of Versailles•the Reform Bill•Julius Caesar•Henry II•Henry VII•the House of Lords•the House of Commons.14英国文化模拟题英国文化模拟题151. Which of the following does not belong to the Island of Great Britain?A. England B. Scotland C. Wales D. Ireland (D)162. Big Ben is a famous ___in London.A. statue B. bridge C. hotel D. clock (D)173.The river Thames is in ___A. Wales B. Scotland C. England D. Northern Ireland (C) 184.The first king of England is ___,who won the overlordship in 829.A. John B. James I C. Egbert D. Henry (C)195.In Britain, education is compulsory for children between the age of ___ A. 5,14 B. 6, 17 C. 5, 16 D. 6,14 （C） 20英语文学知识英语文学知识21以美国文学为例一.历史与流派：美国文学发展的6个时期：1.殖民主义时期2.浪漫主义时期3.现实主义时期4.自然主义时期5.一战时期6.二战后期22作家与作品1.殖民地时期：•Benjamin FranklinAutobiography232.浪漫主义时期•Washington Irving The Sketch Book•Ralph Emerson Nature The American Scholar•Walt Whiteman Leaves of Grass•Nathaniel Hawthorne The Scarlet Letter•Herman Melville Moby Dick•Edgar Allan Poe The Raven243.现实主义时期•Mark TwainThe Adventure of Huckleberry Finn•Ezra PondIn a Station of the Metro•T.S. EliotThe Waste Land•F. Scott FitzgeraldThe Great Gatsby•Ernest HemingwayThe Old Man and the Sea25美国文学模拟题美国文学模拟题261. The leader of the imagist movement in American literature is ___A.Wallace Stevens B. Ezra Pond C. Robert Frost D. T.S. Eliot (B) 272.___is John Steinbeck’s masterpiece.A. An American Tragedy B. The Adventure of Huckleberry Finn C. A Farewell to Arms D. The Grapes of Wrath (D) 28英语语言学知识英语语言学知识291. Introduction to Linguisticsa.what is Language? a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communicationb. design features of Language arbitrariness, duality, creativity, displacementc. Functions of Language informative, interpersonal function, performative, emotive function, Fhatic communication, Recreational function, Metalingual function30d. What is Linguistics? the scientific study of languagee. Main branches of Linguistics phonetics, phonology, Morphology, Syntax, Semantics, Pragmaticsf. Macrolinguistics Psycholinguistics, Sociolinguistics, Anthropological Linguistics, Computational Linguistics31g. Important Distinctions in Linguistics prescriptive & descriptive Synchronic & Diachronic Langue & Porale Competence & Performance322. speech Soundsa. Speech Production and Perception articulatory phonetics, Acoustic Phonetics, Auditory Phoneticsb. Speech Organsc. ConsonantsManners of Articulation, Places of Articulation33d. Vowels four criteria, cardinal vowelse. coarticulation (协同发音) anticipatory coarticulation, perseverative coarticulation34f. Phonetic Transcriptiong. Phonologyh. Phonemes and allophones minimal pairs, phoneme, allophones, complementary distribution, free variation35i. Phonological Process and Phonological Rules Phonological Process, Phonological Rulej. Distinctive Featuresk. Suprasegmental Features Syllabic Structure, Sonority Scale, Stress 363. Morphologya. The formation of Word Morpheme and Morphology, Types of Morphemes, Inflection and Word Formationb. Lexical Change Lexical Change Proper, Semantic change374.Syntaxa. The traditional Approach of Studying Syntax categories, number, gender, case, tense, aspect, Concord & governmentb. The Structural Approach Structuralism, Syntagmatic & Paradigmatic relation, Structure & System, Construction & Constituents, Immediate Constituents, Endocentric & Exocentric Construction38c. The Generative Approach transformational Generative Grammar, Deep Structure & Surface Structured. The Functional approach Systematic-functional Grammar, theme and rheme, communicative Dynamism, ideational function, Interpersonal function, textual function395.Semanticsa. What is Semantics?b. Some views concerning the study of the meaning Leech and his 7 types of meaning in his Semantics, The conceptualist view, contextualism, behaviorism40c. Lexical Meaning Sense and Reference, major sense relations (synonymy, polysemy, homonymy, hyponymy, antonymy)d. Sense Relations Between Sentences X is synonymous Y, X is inconsistent with Y, X entails Y, X presupposes Y, X is a contradiction, X is semantically anomalous.416. Pragmaticsa. speech Act Theory Performative and Constative, a theory of the Illocutionary Actb. The Theory of Conversational Implicature The Coorperative Principles, characteristics of implicaturec. Post-Gricean Developments Relevance Theory, The Q- and R-principles427. Theories and Schools of Modern Linguisticsa. Ferdinand de Saussureb. The Prague Schoolc. The London Schoold. American Structuralisme. Transformational-Generative Grammar43英语语言学模拟题英语语言学模拟题441.__ is regarded as “father of modern linguistics”?A. Chomsky B. Saussure C. Halliday D. Whorf (B)452.The distinction between competence and performance is similar to the distinction between__.A. Perspective and descriptive B. Synchronic and DiachronicC. Speech and Writing D. Langue and parole. (D)463./m,n/ are____A. fricatives B. dentals C. glides D. nasals (D)474. A sound which is capable of distinguishing one word or one shape of a word from another in a given language is a ____A. phoneme B. allophone C. phone D. allomorph (A)48专业八级人文知识模拟题专业八级人文知识模拟题49Model Test 1PART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE [l0 min] There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answer to each question. Mark your answers on your answer sheet.31. Where is Edinburgh? A. In Wales. B. In Scotland. C. In Northern Ireland. D. In Ireland.32. Which of the following is NOT a U.S. news and cable network? A. ABC. B. CNN. C. CBS. D. BBC.5033. The capital of Australia is_________. A. Sydney B. Melbourne C. Canberra D. Perth34. Which degree is offered in community colleges in the United States? A. Master's degree. B. Doctor's degree. C. Bachelor's degree. D. Associate degree.35. George Bernard Shaw was a(n) A. playwright B. poet C. novelist D. essayist5136. John Galsworthy was most famous for__________. A. Heart of Darkness B. Ulysses C. The Forsyte Saga D. A Passage to India37. The novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn was written by________. A. Henry James B. O’ Henry C. Harriet Beecher Stower D. Mark Twain38. The study of how sounds are put together and used to convey meaning in communication is____. A. morphology B. general linguistics C. phonology D. semantics5239. Which of the following is NOT a compound word? A. Landlady. B. Greenhouse. C. Uplift. D. Unacceptable.40. The word holiday originally meant holy day; but now the word signifies any day on which we don't have to work. This is an example of____. A meaning shift B widening of meaning C narrowing of meaning D loss of meaning53。