2022年考博英语-首都师范大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解20.docx

2022年考博英语-首都师范大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解1. 单选题The teachers of the college are making great efforts to （  ）in their students the habit of speaking English.问题1选项A.cultivateB.accomplishC.assistD.require【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析cultivate “培养，陶冶”；accomplish “完成，实现”； assist“帮助”；require“需要，要求”句意：这所大学的老师花很多努力培养学生说外语的习惯A项符合题意，答案A2. 单选题Whether the eyes are "the windows of the soul" is debatable that they are intensely important in interpersonal communication is a fact. During the first two months of a baby's life, the stimulus that produces a smile is a pair of eyes. The eyes need not be real: a mask with two dots will produce a smile. Significantly, a real human face with eyes covered will not motivate a smile, nor will the sight of only one eye when the face is presented in profile. This attraction to eyes as opposed to the nose or mouth continues as the baby matures. In one study, when American -four-year-olds were asked to draw people, 75 percent of them drew people with mouths, but 99 percent of them drew people with eyes. In Japan, however, where babies are carried on their mother's back infants do not acquire as much attachment to eyes as they do in other cultures. As a result, Japanese adults make little use of the face either to encode（编码）or decode （解码）meaning. In fact, Argyle reveals that the proper place to focus one's gaze during a conversation in Japan is on the neck of one's conversation partner."The role of eye contact in a conversational exchange between two Americans is well defined: speakers make contact with the eyes of their listener for about one second, then glance away as they talk; in a few moments they re-establish eye contact with the listener or reassure themselves that their audience is still attentive, then shift their gaze away once more. Listeners, meanwhile, keep their eyes on the face of the speaker, allowing themselves to glance away only briefly. It is important that they be looking at, the speaker at the precise moment when the speaker re-establishes eye contact: if they are not looking the speaker assumes that they are disinterested and either will pause until eye contact is resumed or will terminate the conversation. Just how critical this eye maneuvering is to the maintenance of conversational flow becomes evident when two speakers are wearing dark glasses: there may be a sort of traffic jam of words caused by interruption, false starts, and unpredictable pauses.1.Babies will not be stimulated to smile by a person（  ）.2.According to the passage the Japanese fix their gaze on their conversation partner's neck because（  ）.  3.According to the passage, a conversation between two Americans may break down due to （  ）.  4.To keep a conversation flowing smoothly, it is better for the participants（  ）.问题1选项A.whose front view is fully perceivedB.whose face is covered with a maskC.whose face is seen from the sideD.whose face is free of any covering问题2选项A.they don’t like to keep their eyes on the face of the speakerB.they need not communicate through eye contactC.they don't think it polite to have eye contactD.they didn’t have much opportunity to communicate through eye contact in babyhood问题3选项A.one temporarily glancing away from the otherB.eye contacts of more than one secondC.improperly-timed ceasing of eye contactD.constant adjustment of eye contact问题4选项A.not to wear dark spectaclesB.not to make any interruptionsC.not to glance away from each otherD.not to make unpredictable pauses【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:C第4题:A【解析】第1题:细节事实题。

由第一段第四句“a real human face with eyes covered will not motivate a smile, nor will the sight of only one eye when the face is presented in profile.一张真正的人脸如果遮住了眼睛不会让小宝宝发笑，或者侧面的脸，只能看到一只眼睛时，小宝宝也不会发笑故C项正确第2题:细节事实题由题干定位到第一段“In Japan, however, where babies are carried on their mother’s back infants do not acquire as much attachment to eyes as they do in other cultures. As a result, Japanese adults make little use of the face either to encode（编码）or decode （解码）meaning. In fact, Argyle reveals that the proper place to focus one’s gaze during a conversation in Japan is on the neck of one’s conversation partner. 在日本，婴儿被背在母亲的背上，他们对眼神交流的依恋不像其他文化中那么强烈。

结果就是，日本成年人很少用面部表情来理解或解释含义事实上，Argyle揭示了在日本谈话时，一个人的目光应该集中在谈话对象的脖子上可知日本人说话时喜欢把目光聚焦在另一个人的脖子上是由于小时候没有太多机会通过眼神来交流故答案D第3题:细节事实题由第二段“if they are not looking the speaker assumes that they are disinterested and either will pause until eye contact is resumed or will terminate the conversation. 如果他们没有看着说话人，说话人就会认为他们是不感兴趣的，要么就会停下来直到重新开始眼神交流，要么就会终止谈话可知答案C第4题:细节理解题由文章末尾“Just how critical this eye maneuvering is to the maintenance of conversational flow becomes evident when two speakers are wearing dark glasses: there may be a sort of traffic jam of words caused by interruption, false starts, and unpredictable pauses. 两个说话的人都戴着墨镜时，这种眼神交流对维持对话的重要性就变得显而易见了：可能会出现由打断、错误的开始和不可预。