
苏梦系列西瓜果皮硬度相关性状分析.docx
18页苏梦系列西瓜果皮硬度相关性状分析 程瑞 徐兵划 许文钊 张朝阳 刘欣 罗德旭 赵建锋 孙玉东 王春 任旭琴摘 要:以蘇梦6号为代表的苏梦系列西瓜果实具有较好的耐裂性,为研究其果皮特性,测定西瓜果皮硬度,采集西瓜常规数量性状,观察果皮组织显微结构,测定果皮内含物含量,分析不同西瓜品种间果皮硬度相关性状差异结果表明,不同西瓜品种间果皮硬度存在明显差异,果皮硬度越大,果皮石细胞群越丰富且排列越紧密、中果皮层细胞越大相关性分析发现,西瓜果皮硬度与半纤维素含量呈极显著正相关,与果皮厚度、石细胞占周比、果实中心可溶性固形物含量呈显著正相关,与中果皮层细胞纵径呈显著负相关通径分析发现,正向作用因子对西瓜果皮硬度直接通径系数较大的为:果皮厚度、果形指数、中果皮层细胞纵径、果皮半纤维素含量、边部可溶性固形物含量;负向作用因子直接通径系数较大的为:外绿果皮层厚度、果皮含水量、表皮层厚度、中心可溶性固形物含量、果皮纤维素含量;其中,果皮半纤维素含量、中心可溶性固形物含量、石细胞群占周比、果皮厚度、中果皮层细胞纵径对果皮硬度总作用系数绝对值均大于0.7,且仅中果皮层细胞纵径总作用系数为负14 个西瓜果皮硬度相关性状经主成分分析可归于4个主成分,累计贡献率为87.43%。
西瓜果皮硬度受常规数量性状、果皮显微结构、内含物含量等综合影响关键词:西瓜;果皮硬度;果皮结构;相关性分析:S651 文献标志码:A :1673-2871(2021)06-020-08Analysis on hardness related characters of Su-meng series watermelon rindCHENG Rui1, XU Binghua1, XU Wenzhao1, ZHANG Chaoyang1, LIU Xin1, LUO Dexu1, ZHAO Jianfeng1, SUN Yudong1, WANG Chun2, REN Xuqin2(1. Huaian Key Laboratory for Facility Vegetables/Huaiyin Institute of Agricultural Sciences of Xuhuai Region of Jiangsu, Huaian 223001, Jiangsu, China; 2. Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223002, Jiangsu, China)Abstract: Watermelons of the Su-meng series represented by Su-meng No. 6 are more resistant to fruit cracking. To study the characters of watermelon rinds, we collected the conventional parameters of eight watermelon varieties, and analyzed texture properties by CT3 texture analyzer, observed the microstructure of watermelon peel by making paraffin section, detected the contents of water, hemicellulose, cellulose, and pectin in watermelon rinds. The results showed that there were significant differences in rind hardness on different watermelon varieties. The rind microstructures were significantly different among the watermelon cultivars with different rind hardness, the cultivars with higher rind hardness had more abundant sclereid layer with dense arrangement, and thicker of exocarp, larger diameter of mesocarp cells. There was an extremely significant positive correlation between rind hardness and hemicellulose content. The rind hardness was also significantly positively correlated with the peel thickness, the ratio of sclereid layer in rinds, and the fruit central sugar contents. And it was significantly negatively correlated with the diameter of mesocarp cells. The results of path analysis showed that the direct path coefficients of positive factors on rind hardness were as follows: peel thickness, fruit shape index, the diameter of mesocarp cells, hemicellulose content and edge soluble solid content; the direct path coefficients of the negative factors were as follows: outer green peel thickness, peel water content, peel thickness, central soluble solid content and cellulose content; and hemicellulose content, fruit central sugar contents, the ratio of sclereid layer in rinds, peel thickness, the diameter of mesocarp cells on the total effect coefficient of rind hardness were more than 0.7, and only longitudinal diameter of mesocarp cells was negative. The results of principal component analysis showed that there were four principal components classified, and the cumulative proportion reached 87.43% among 14 watermelon characteristics. It suggested that the first 4 principal components could be used as important indexes to measure the rind hardness of watermelon. Combined, the hardness of watermelon rind was affected by pericarp microstructure and pericarp inclusions, such as pericarp thickness, epidermis thickness, longitudinal diameter of mesocarp, the water content of pericarp, the hemicellulose content of pericarp and so on.Key words: Watermelon; Rind hardness; Pericarp structure; Correlation analysis西瓜(Citrullus lanatus)是一种重要的园艺经济作物,我国是西瓜生产和消费大国[1]。
裂果是西瓜栽培和贮运过程中的常见问题,是影响西瓜品质和产量的重要因素之一,因而增强西瓜耐裂性,具有重要的生产实践意义[2]果皮在果实破裂和病害发生等过程中起重要作用,对果实商品性、贮运性和货架期等都有着重要影响[3]果皮硬度是裂果和果实贮藏期的重要衡量指标之一[4-7],改善果皮硬度性状成为增强果实耐裂性的新途径[8]果皮硬度作为果皮耐裂性的重要衡量标准日益受到科研工作者的关注[2-3]王學征等[2]对5个耐裂性不同的西瓜品种果皮进行穿刺测试,发现果皮韧性、外果皮厚度、果皮厚度、果皮含水量、半纤维素含量、果胶含量、纤维素含量等与果皮硬度关系紧密满艳萍等[9]研究认为,果皮特性主要由表皮角质层、外果皮细胞、石细胞群及果皮厚度等决定果皮硬度与常规数量性状、果皮组织结构、细胞排布方式、果皮内含物含量等都息息相关,明确西瓜果皮硬度与常规数量性状、果皮微观结构和内含物含量间的相关关系,有利于选育果皮硬度高、果实耐裂性好的西瓜材料,减少西瓜生产和贮运过程中的裂果发生概率但综合评价西瓜果皮硬度与常规数量性状、果皮微观结构和内含物含量等相关关系的研究报道较少苏梦系列西瓜是由江苏徐淮地区淮阴农业科学研究所(淮安市农业科学研究院)自主选育的小果型西瓜品种,已获得江苏省登记品种有苏梦1~7号[10-16]。
苏梦系列小果型西瓜整体耐裂性较强,但果皮硬度等特性存在差异笔者以苏梦系列小果型西瓜品种成熟果实为试材,以市场熟知品种小兰、早春红玉,以及笔者所在课题组易裂西瓜种质PZ31为对照,通过对常规数量性状、果皮组织显微结构观察,以及果皮水分含量、纤维素含量、半纤维素含量和果胶含量测定和分析,综合评价西瓜果皮硬度与常规数量性状、果皮微观结构和内含物含量间的相关关系,研究苏梦系列小果型西瓜果皮硬度、韧性等相关性状特性,为明确西瓜果皮硬度形成机制及改良西瓜种质资源奠定理论基础1 材料与方法1.1 材料选取苏梦5号、苏梦6号、苏梦7号、苏梦9号、苏梦10号、PZ31、小兰、早春红玉为试材供试西瓜品种间果实耐裂性和果皮表征存在明显差异,其中苏梦系列西瓜较耐裂,PZ31、小兰、早春红玉不耐裂苏梦5号、苏梦6号、苏梦7号、苏梦9号、苏梦10号为江苏徐淮地区淮阴农业科学研究所自主选育的小果型杂交1代西瓜新品种,PZ31为笔者所在课题组的易裂小果型西瓜种质材料,小兰为台湾省农友种苗公司选育的早熟小果型杂交1代西瓜品种,早春红玉为从日本引进的小果型杂交1代西瓜品种以上供试品种均由江苏徐淮地区淮阴农业科学研究所蔬菜研究中心提供。
2020年9月,将供试西瓜品种种植于淮安市农业科学研究院科研创新基地塑料大棚内,每个小区定植15株,行株距 60 cm40 cm,3 次重复,采用吊蔓栽培、双蔓整枝,整个生育期按商业化栽培管理,试验条件均匀一致采收时每个品种随机选取3个均达到商品成熟阶段的西瓜果实进行编号1.2 常规数量性状取样和测定采用直尺测量果实纵径、横径,计算果形指数(果实纵径/横径);采用普通台秤称量果实单果质量;采用切裂应度比法(切裂口长/周长)测定。
