不定式用法讲解..doc

非谓语动词----不定式非谓语动词有三种形式：不定式、动名词、分词动词不定式由“to+动词原形”构成，具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，可以在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补足语等,但不能作谓语同时，不定式仍保留着动词的某些特征，可以有自己的宾语、表语和状语，一起构成不定式短语；可以有自己的时态和语态变化形式;可以有自己的否定形式;可以带出自己的逻辑主语一、不定式的用法1、  不定式作主语： 不定式具有名词的特征，可在句子中充当主语To see once is better than to hear a hundred times.  百闻不如一见To master a foreign language is not an easy thing. 掌握一门外语不是一件容易的事To say is one thing and to do is another. 说是一回事，做又是另一回事  To love and to be loved is the greatest happiness one can get. 爱与被爱是一个人能获得的最大幸福在很多情况下，人们通常用it作为形式上的主语，而把不定式短语移到谓语之后，使句子显得平稳一些。

如：It’s good manners to wait in line.   排队等候是很有礼貌的It made us very angry to hear him speak to his mother like that.    听到他那样跟他妈妈说话我们很生气It's rude to turn your back to your teacher and refuse to answer. 背对着老师，拒绝回答问题是不礼貌的   注意：  当主语和表语都是不定式时，不能用形式主语代替动词不定式To respect others is to be respected. 尊重别人就是尊重自己2、不定式作表语：不定式作表语可以说明主语的具体内容或表示目的 The most important thing is to put theory into practice.   最重要的事情是把理论付诸实践        The greatest happiness is to work for the happiness of all.        最大的幸福就是为大家的幸福而工作。

His wish is to become an astronaut.   他的愿望是成为一名宇航员My work is to clean the room every day. 我的工作是每天清扫房间His dream is to be a doctor. 他的梦想是成为一名医生  注意：  有些作表语的不定式，在结构上是主动的，但在意义上却是被动的  She is to blame. 她应该受到责备3、不定式作宾语：  He wanted to know the truth.   他想知道真相He pretended to have read the book when I asked him about it. 我问到他的时候，他假装读过这本书1)①可接不定式作宾语的动词有：afford, agree, arrange, ask, choose, claim（声称）, dare, decide, demand, deserve（应受、应得）, determine, expect, fail, guarantee, help, hope, intend, long, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise refuse, threaten（威胁，扬言要）, want, wish （下列动词接v-ing做宾语avoid, consider, delay, deny, dislike, endure, enjoy, escape, forgive, finish, imagine, keep, mind, miss, pardon, prevent, resist, suggest, understand, can’t helpavoid, consider, delay, deny, dislike, endure, enjoy, escape, forgive, finish, imagine, keep, mind, miss, pardon, prevent, resist, suggest, understand, can’t help）②在feel, find, make, think, consider等动词后，如果宾语带有宾语补足语时，人们常常用it作形式宾语，而把真实宾语放在宾语补足语之后。

I found it possible to work out the problem without a computer. 我发现有可能不用计算机而解出这道题目She made it a rule to get up at five. 她养成了五点起床的习惯Do you think it better to translate it in this way?        你认为这样翻译是不是更好？I feel it a great honor to be invited to speak at the meeting before so many students.①我觉得被邀请在会上面对这么多学生发言是一件很光荣的事情 ③在表示“希望、打算”等动词（如hope, expect, intend, mean, want等）的过去式后，可接动词不定式的完成式来表示没有实现的动作 I had intended to call on you. 我原想来拜访你的 I had expected to meet him here last night. 我原以为昨天晚上能在这里见到他的 We had meant to stay there a week. 我们原打算在那儿呆一个星期的。

2)作介词的宾语不定式可以作介词but和except的宾语He had no choice but to sit there as usual.  他没有什么选择，只好像往常一样坐在那儿There is nothing we can do but wait patiently.   我们只能耐心等待I have no choice but to stay here. He did nothing last Sunday but repair his bike.but前是实义动词do时，后面出现的不定式不带to比较：He wants to do nothing but go out. 他只想出去玩He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine. 除了吃这药，他什么都信3)作形容词的宾语 不定式作形容词的宾语有两种句型，一个是句子的主语是不定式的逻辑主语，另一个是句子的主语是不定式的逻辑宾语 ①句子的主语是不定式的逻辑主语这类形容词有able, afraid, angry, anxious, careful, clever, content, cruel, determined, disappointed, eager, foolish, fortunate, frightened, happy, impatient, glad, lucky, naughty, prepared, proud, ready, slow, shocked, sorry, surprised, willing等。

 I am sorry to say that he is going from bad to worse.  很遗憾，他的情况每况愈下 She was not content to live a quiet life in a small town. 她不满足在一个小镇里过默默无闻的生活  ②句子的主语是不定式的逻辑宾语这类形容词有easy, hard, cheap, expensive, dangerous, difficult, funny, fit, impossible, interesting, nice, pleasant, simple, strange, useful等This problem is easy to solve. 这个问题很容易解决The water is not fit to drink. 这水不适于饮用 She is hard to get along with. 她这个人很难相处 注意：在这种结构中，如果不定式是不及物动词，则必须加上结构或含义所需的介词  The river is dangerous to swim in. 在这条河里游泳很危险。

  A spring mattress is comfortable to sleep on. 席梦思床垫睡上去很舒服4、动词不定式作宾语补足语  不定式可以在“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”句型中充当宾语补足语在这一句型中，宾语是动词不定式的逻辑主语1）在表示感觉的动词和使役动词后作宾语补足语，并且不定式都不带to这类动词有：see, hear, feel, watch, notice, observe, look at, listen to，make, let, have等  I heard them sing yesterday. 昨天我听见他们唱歌了What would you have me do 你要我做什么？  She made him give up smoking. 她让他戒了烟He made a face and made everybody laugh. 他做了一个鬼脸, 逗得大家都笑了 注意：转为被动语态时，原不带to的不定式要变成带to的不定式notice，watch，let, have没有被动语态  We saw the car stop.  The car was seen to stop. 我们看见这辆车停了下来。

 n  一感：feel   二听：hear, listen to  三让：let, have, make  五看：observe, see, watch., look at, notice2)在表示情感状态的动词后作宾语补足语这类动词有：love, like, prefer, hate, want, wish, expect等;动词advise, allow, ask, beg, command, forbid，force, oblige, get, help, encourage, invite, persuade, permit, prepare, remind, request, order, tell, warn, cause ，call on, wait for等后面，多接不定式短语作宾语补足语  I'd prefer you to leave him alone. 我希望你不要打扰他  I don't want there to be any trouble. 我不想有任何麻烦We don't allow such things to happen a。