英语翻译之减词法.ppt

Omission in Business English TranslationChapter 4Introduction•与英语相比较，汉语中代词（尤其实人称代词）和连接词（尤其是并列连接词“和”）使用得很少，能省略的代词和连接词一般都不再句子里出现因此，在英译汉时，应该避免在句子里过多地使用代词和连接词，否则译文就会显得不自然、不流畅这种翻译方法就是减词翻译法减词翻译法是指在翻译的过程中省略原文中自然的、必不可少的、但在译文中却是多余的词汇的翻译方法例如：•The retailers perform many functions. First, he may provide a convenient location. Also, he often guarantees and services the merchandise he sells. Third, the retailer aids in promoting the product, often through displays and advertising. Fourth, the retailer may finance the customer by extending credit. Further, the retailer performs storage function in his outlet, by having goods available. •译文：零售商还发挥许多功能。

其一，（ ）可提供便利的场地；其二，（ ）对他所经销的商品提供担保和服务；其三，（ ）帮助促销产品，经常进行商品展示活动和发布广告；其四，（ ）为顾客提供信贷另外，由于供货及时，零售商还可发挥其商店的仓储功能•More examples:• We expect that the delivery will be effected at your earliest convenience. •We assure you of our reciprocating your courtesy at any time. •除了英语中的代词和连接词在汉语译文中可以省略外，还有冠词、动词不定式符号、部分介词等均可以省略•冠词的减译法：• Winter is the best time to study the growth of trees. Although the leaves are gone and the branches are bare, the trees themselves are beautiful. •To give you a general idea of the various kinds of cotton piece goods now available for export, we enclose a brochure and a price list. •We are trying to assess the damage which the shipment suffered in transit.•但冠词表示特指时就必须将该冠词译成汉语：• Is the product supplied by your factory?•译文：该产品是贵厂供应的吗？•使用减译法的其他情况：• When mineral oil is refined into petrol, it is used to drive internal combustion engine. To it we owe the existence of the motor-car, which has replaced the private carriage drawn by the horse. •译文：当矿物油被提炼成汽油之后，就可以用来驱动内燃机。

就是有了这种油，我们才能用上汽车，以代替私人马车• Such is the so-called “business cycle” that has characterized the industrialized nations of the world for the last two centuries – ever since an elaborate, interdependent money economy began to replace the relatively self-sufficient precommercial society. •译文：这正是近两个世纪（即自从一种复杂的、相互依赖的货币经济开始取代相对自给自足的前商业化社会）以来全世界工业化国家所谓的“经济周期”• Without making foreign direct investment commitments, firms can engage in international business through exporting and importing, licensing of non-affiliated foreign firms, sale of technology, foreign management contracts, and selling turnkey projects. •译文：若没有对国外进行直接投资，公司也可以通过出口和进口、非分支机构国外公司的许可、技术销售、国外管理合同以及销售由承包商完全承包的工程等方式来从事国际商务活动。

• To avert the danger of major defaults and to restore security to the economic systems, Western bankers and governments will have to ensure that they are imposing reasonable repayment terms on developing countries, terms that will not provoke revolution or chaos. •译文：为了防止发生重大的宣布无力偿还债务事件，并使经济体制恢复巩固，西方各国金融机构和政府必须确保对各发展中国家强制实行公平合理的还债条件，确保这些条件不至于引发革命或混乱•More examples: •It’s a pleasure for us to offer you the goods as follows. • The board was influenced in its decision by the memo from the managers.• Of these two programs, neither is preferable.• Commercial business is very profitable, and most radio and TV stations depend on the income. • At present the foreign exchange market in New York is very weak while the stock market is very strong.• Because of economic crisis of the host country, this multinational corporation has suffered the same great losses as the local companies.• Government regulations make it impossible for us to export.•汉英翻译中对于增词和减词翻译法的处理汉英翻译中对于增词和减词翻译法的处理•在翻译中，增词翻译法和减词翻译法互为补充、相得益在翻译中，增词翻译法和减词翻译法互为补充、相得益彰。

对译文进行增词或者减词并非是为了增加原文中没彰对译文进行增词或者减词并非是为了增加原文中没有的信息或者是减去原文中已有的信息，而是因为源语有的信息或者是减去原文中已有的信息，而是因为源语和译语存在表达方式上的差异、语法结构等方面的差异，和译语存在表达方式上的差异、语法结构等方面的差异，为了使译文更加充分、更加地道地再现原文信息才进行为了使译文更加充分、更加地道地再现原文信息才进行增减词语的同英汉翻译一样，在汉英翻译中，增减词增减词语的同英汉翻译一样，在汉英翻译中，增减词语的情况时时存在我们可以这样说，假如我们将一段语的情况时时存在我们可以这样说，假如我们将一段英文翻译成汉语时在段落的某些地方需要增词，那么，英文翻译成汉语时在段落的某些地方需要增词，那么，在将该汉语译文回译成英文时则需要在这些地方采用减在将该汉语译文回译成英文时则需要在这些地方采用减词的办法；假如我们在将一段英文翻译成汉语时在段落词的办法；假如我们在将一段英文翻译成汉语时在段落的某些地方需要减词，那么，在将该段汉语译文回译成的某些地方需要减词，那么，在将该段汉语译文回译成英文时就需要在这些地方使用增词翻译法对于任何一英文时就需要在这些地方使用增词翻译法。

对于任何一段原文的翻译，必然会有增词的地方，同时也必然会有段原文的翻译，必然会有增词的地方，同时也必然会有减词的地方减词的地方•增词法练习：•1. The quantity you required is so small that we shall have to burden ourselves with extra freight because the shipping charges are less than the minimum freight. •2. The food monopolies bought up the small farmers’ harvest at depressed prices.•减词法练习： •1. Most of the burden of property taxes is shifted to the tenants. •2. The company has been in business for forty-five years.•3. We are not in the position to entertain business at your price, since it is far below our cost price.•4. The agreement in question calls for your working out business to the amount of $500000.•5. We assure you of our prompt attention to this matter. •6.Please quote your lowest price of men’s shirt CIF Amsterdam.。