土木工程专业英语精华.doc

Lesson 1 单词： 1.predominate 局支配地位，统治， （数量上）占优势 2.geotechnical 岩土工程 3.specification 载明，详述，技术要求，说明书，清单 4.supervise 监督，管理，控制 5.subcontractors 转包合同，转包工作 6.hurricane 飓风 7.asphalt 沥青 8.aluminum 铝 9.runoff 雨量，流量，决赛 10.lock 水闸 11.fill 充足，饱满，装填物 12.scrubber 洗涤器， 13.incineration 烧尽，焚化 14.toxic 有毒性的 bustible 易燃的，可燃的 16.ramp 斜坡，斜面 17.excavate 挖掘，发掘 18.precisely 精确地 19.aerial 空气，大气的，航空的 20.sonic 能发出声音的 21.plotting 测绘，标图 22.municipal 市政的， mission 委任，委托，委员会 24.drainage system 排水系统 句子：1.They evaluate and work to minimize the potential settlement of buildings and other structures that stems from the pressure of their weight on the earth. 他们计算建筑和其他结构犹豫自重压力可能引起的沉降，并采取措施使之减少到最少2.They coordinate the activities of virtually everyone engaged in the work. 事实上，他们协调工程中每个人的活动。

3.They may also manage private engineering firms ranging in size from a few employees to hundreds . 他们也可能管理规模为从几个到数百个雇员的私营工程公司4. Many teaching civil engineers engage in basic research that eventually leads to technical innovations in construction materials and methods.许多从事教学的土 木工程师参与会导致建筑材料和施工方法技术革新的基础研究Lesson2 单词 1.partition 分开，分割，隔墙，隔板 2.converter 炼钢炉 3.framework 框架，构架，结构 4.surpass 超过胜过5.exterior 外部的，外面的 6.lintel 过梁 7.opaque 不透明的，不透光的 8.duck 甲板，舱面，桥面 9.corrugate 弄皱 10.duct 管道 11.ancillary 辅助的 12.ventilate 使通风 13.allocate 分配，分派，配给 14.conceal 隐蔽，隐瞒 15.conduit 管道，导管 16.strtification 分层，层理 17.exhibit 显示，呈现 18.curtain wall 悬墙 19.bearing wall 承重墙 20.plumbing system 卫生设备系统 21.air conditioning 空气调节 句子：1.Bearing-wall construction limited the height of buildings because of the enormous wall thickness required.因为所需墙体的厚度很大，承重墙结构限制了建筑物 的高度。

2.Corrugated steel decks ate often used in office buildings because the corrugations,when enclosed by another sheet of metal,form ducts for telephone and electrical lines. 办公大楼中常使用波纹钢地板，这是因为波纹钢地板的波纹当由另一块金属板盖上时，可以 形成线和电线管道3.All soils beneath the surface are in a state of compaction;that is.they are under a pressure that is equal to the weight of the soil column above it. 所有地表以下的土都处于受压状态，说的精确些，这些土承受与作用在其上的土柱重量相等 的压力Lesson3 单词 1.spectacular 壮观的，惊人的 2.sway 摇动，要掰 3.residential 居住的住宅的 mercial 商业的商务的 5.innovation 革新，创新，新方法，新事物 6.boundary 分界线，边界 7.eliminate 排除，消除 8.apartment 公寓住宅，但愿住宅 9.column 柱 10.demonstrate 示范，证明 11.project 凸出，投射 12.stress 应力，压力13.truss 构架桁架 14.bundle 捆，束，包 15.terminate 使终止 16.facade 正面，立面 17.perimeter 周围，周界 18.encroach 侵犯，侵占 19.high-rise building 高层建筑 20.reinforced concrete 钢筋混凝土 21.spandrel beam 窗下墙的墙托梁 22.shear wall 剪力墙 句子：1.In order to tie the exterior columns of a frame structure to the interior vertical trusses,a system of rigid belt trusses at mid-height and at the top of the building may be used. 为了把框架结构的外柱与内部垂直桁架连在一起，可以在高层建筑物的中间和顶部设置刚性 带式桁架系统。

2.The development of the stressed-skin tube utilizes the facade of the building as a structural element which acts with the framed tube,thus providing an efficient way of resisting lateral loads in high-rise buildings,and resulting in cost-effective column-free interior space with a high ratio of net to gross floor area. 薄壳筒体的进步是利用高层建筑的正面墙或者板作为与框筒共同作用的结构构件，为高层建 筑抵抗侧向荷载提供了一个有效的途径，而且可获得不设柱子，节省成本，使用面积与建筑 面积之比很高的室内空间3.The system consists of an outer framed tube of very closely spaced columns and an interior rigid shear wall tube enclosing the central service area. 该体系由间距很小的柱子构成的外框筒与围绕中心设备区的刚性剪力墙内筒组成。

Lesson 7 Valley (山)谷，流域 obstacle 障碍，妨害物 aqueduct 沟渠， 导水管 pedestrian 步行者 徒步的，呆板的，通俗的 barge n. 驳船，游艇 vt. 用船运输 vi. 蹒跚，闯入 isolated adj. 隔离的，孤立的，单独 log n. 航行日志，原木，园形木材, 园木 v. 把...记入航行日志， 伐木，把...锯 成段 vine n. 葡萄树，蔓生植物，攀缘植物， 藤，蔓 slant v. (使)倾斜， 歪向 n. 倾斜 swift n. [鸟]雨燕， (梳棉机等的)大滚筒 迅速的, 敏捷的, 立刻的 迅速地, 敏捷地 subsoil n. 底土, 下层土, 天然地基 v. 掘起...的底土 gap n. 缺口, 裂口, 间隙, 缝隙, 差距, 隔阂 aerialist n. 高空杂技师 tightrope n. 拉紧的绳索 cable n. 电缆, 海底电报, 缆, 索 v. 打(海底)电报abutment n. 邻接, 桥礅，桥台，拱座 Anchorage 锚地；碇泊处；靠山；寄托 stretch v. 伸展, 伸长 n. 一段时间, 一段路程, 伸展 girder n. 梁, 钢桁的支架 overlap v. (与...)交迭 intersect vt. 横断 vi. (直线)相交, 交叉 corbel arch 突拱 intermediate pier 中间墩 1. Piles of stone were placed at short intervals across the river, providing the bridge piers, and then a path from bank to bank was made by laying flat stone slabs across adjacent piers. 横跨河流以很小的间距布置石堆作为桥墩，然后用平石板横过相邻的桥墩就建成连接两岸的 通道。

2. In an ordinary cantilever bridge, the gap between the ends of the cantilevers is closed, providing a continuous deck for the roadway, but if the bridge were cut in two at the point of closure each cantilever would support itself. 在普通的悬臂式桥梁中，悬臂梁端部之间的间隙是闭合的，为道路提供了连续的桥面，但是 假如把这种桥梁在其闭合点断开，那么每一根悬臂梁都不需另外设置支撑而可保持稳定3. The simplest example of the suspension bridge is the circus aerialist’s tightrope, and primitive suspension bridges were often no more than several such tightropes tied together to provide both hand and foot holds. 悬索桥最简单的例子是杂技场高空杂技演员走钢丝用的钢丝，原始的悬索桥常常是把很少的 几根这样的钢丝系在一起来提供扶手和立足点的。

4. Because tensile strength is not necessarily required for arch construction, arch bridges can be made of bricks or stone blocks that are held together by the compre。