英美文学考试题型及复习提纲.doc

英美文学考试题型及复习提纲（2008级）一、考试题型：本次考试共有5个大题，总分为100分，考试方式为闭卷考试，考试时长为120分钟，具体分值分布如下：I．选择题，20个小题，每小题2分，共40分考试内容为文学综合知识II.连线题，10个小题，每小题1分，共10分考试内容为作家与作品III.名词解释1. Puritanism 2. Free Verse. 3. American Naturalism3个小题，每小题5分，共15分考试的内容为文学术语IV. 篇章阅读3个小题，每小题5分，共15分考试的内容：作品1. Song of Myself 2. I heard a Fly buzz -- when I died --" 3.The Road Not TakenV. 短文写作一个小题，满分20分，考试的目标是对所学的作品进行赏析与评论二、考试总目标: 考察学生英美文学的基本理论知识和理解、鉴赏英美文学原著的能力，分析作品的艺术特色的能力、正确评价文学作品的标准和方法，以及阅读文学作品的能力和鉴赏水平三、美国文学本学期授课基本内容（请结合授课讲义PPT，lecture 1-11） Part one: The early American literature 1. American Puritanism（清教主义）⑴ Puritans=Calvinists(加尔文主义)1. John Calvin, a theologian, Puritans believed most doctrines preached by him, so they were also called CalvinistsPuritans wanted to “purify the church” to its original state, because they thought the church was corrupted and had too many ritualsTo be a Puritan: taking religion as the most important thing; living for glorifying God; believing predestination（命运天定）, original sin(原罪，人生下来就是有罪的，因为人类的祖先亚当和夏娃是有罪的), total depravity(人类是完全堕落的，所以人要处处小心自己的行为，要尽可能做到最好以取悦上帝), limited atonement (有限救赎，只有被上帝选中的人才能得到上帝的拯救) Life style of Puritans: pious（虔诚的）, austerity（简朴） of taste, diligence and thrift, rigid sense of morality, self-relianceThe Puritan dominating values were: hard work， thrift， piety ，sobriety。

2. Philip Freneau （佛瑞诺）(1752-1832)He was the most important poet in the 18th century. He was entitled “Father of American Poetry”. He wrote lots of poems supporting American Revolution and human liberty. His poems presented Romantic spirits but his form was mainly influenced by Classicism.Most famous poems: “The Indian Burying Ground”《垂死的印第安人》 and “The 重点把握：Wild Honey Suckle”《野地里的忍冬花》3. Benjamin Franklin2. His works:1) Poor Richard’s Almanac《穷理查德历书》 2) Autobiography《自传》 Part two: The Age of Romanticism I. Romanticism:The Romantic Period, one of the most important periods in the history of American literature, stretches from the end of the 18th century to the outbreak of the Civil War. It started with the publication of Washington Irving’s The Sketches Book and ended with Whitman’s Leaves of Grass. Being a period of the Great flowering of American literature, it is also called “the American Renaissance”.1. Washington Irving1. several names attached to Irving(1) first American writer(2) the messenger sent from the new world to the old world(3) father of American literature2. life3. works(1) A History of New York 纽约外史(2)The Sketch Book 见闻札记 He won a measure of international recognition with the publication of this. It was published first in installment in America, then in full version in England. Two stories: “Rip Van Winkle”“瑞普凡温可尔” , “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow” “睡谷的传说”4. Irving's contribution to American literature His contribution is unique in more ways than one. He did a number of things that have been regarded as the first of their kind in America. (1) He was the first American writer of imaginative literature to gain international fame. To say that he was father of American literature is not much exaggeration. (2)The short story as a genre in American literature began with Irving's The Sketch Book. The book touched the American imagination and foreshadowed the coming of Hawthorne, Melville, and Poe, in whose hands the short story attained a degree of perfection as a literary tradition. It also marked the beginning of American Romanticism. 5.. The theme of “Rip Van Winkle” (1) it reveals conservative attitude of Irving. (2) it might be an illustration of Irving’s argument that revolution upset the natural order of things.The story is a tale remembered mostly for Rip's 20-year s1eep, set against the background of the inevitably changing America. Rip went to sleep before the War of Independence and woke up after it. The change that had occurred in the 20 years he slept was to him not always for the better. The revolution upset the natural order of things. In the story Irving ski1lfu1ly presents to us paralleled juxtapositions of two totally different worlds before and after Rip's 20 years' s1eep. By moving Rip back and forth from a noisy world with his wife on the farm to a wild but peaceful natural world in the mountains, and from a pre-Revolution village to a George Washington era, Irving describes Rip's response and reaction in a dramatic way, so that we see clearly both the narrator and Irving agree on the preferabi1ity of the past to the present, and the preferability of a dream-like world to the real one. Irving never seemed to accept a modern democratic America.II. TranscendentalismSummit of Romanticism – American Transcendentalism1. What is TranscendentalismEmerson declares in his essay, "What is popularly called Transcendentalism among us is idealism; idealism as appears in 1842." Transcendentalism is the summit of the Romantic Movement in the history of American literature in the 19th centu。