2021年中考英语语法主要句式知识复习银行总结 教育.docx

本文格式为Word版，下载可任意编辑，页眉双击删除即可2021年中考英语语法主要句式知识复习 银行总结 教育 2021年中考英语语法主要句式学问复习 主要句式 一 学问概要 初中所学的句型一般要分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句陈述句中有确定句与否认句之分其中可以分为以下五种 ① 主语不及物动词如I arrived at six last night. ② 主语及物动词宾语，如I bought a good EnglishChinese Dictionary yesterday. ③ 主语及物动词间接宾语直接宾语，如Please tell me a story before I go to bed. 这样可加双宾语的句子有buy,tell, give, ask, pass, teach. ④ 主语及物动词宾语宾语补足语，如I found it impossible to do it. Please keep the classroom clean and tidy. ⑤ 主语系动词表语，如Tom is an American boy. The grass turned green in spring.在初中常见的句型中有There be句型，表示存在某种事物，如There is a map on the wall其be动词的形式要与其后面相近的那个名词相一致。

要留意的是这种句型加入助动词后，也要保持be动词，不要换用have,如There is going to be a meeting tomorrow.在句子结构中要留意主谓一致的问题，即句子的主语与谓语动词要相呼应 要留意的有如下几点 ① 用and连接两个主语时一般应视为复数，但如一人身兼两职时则要用单数谓语动词形式，如A singer and dancer is coming to our party. a singer and dancer 既唱歌又可舞的演员而 a singer and a dancer 则要译为一位唱歌家和一位舞蹈家 ②有些以 s 结尾的名词谓语动词要用单数，如 The news is good news 为不行数名词 ③ 有量词时应按量词的数量计算； 如 This pair of glasses is good My glasses are broken. ④有些形单却意为复数的名词，如 People are coming here 这样的词还有 Police， 假如要讲一个JC时，应讲 a policeman 两个JC为 two policemen。

又如 a policewoman, two policewomen ⑤ 全部不定代词 each， either， neither， one， the other， nobody， nothing， anyone， anything， someone， something 要作为单数如 Someone is waiting for you在并列句中表示联合关系的连词有 and not only but also， neither nor， either or 如 My sist er and my parents are going to the cinema 表示转折关系的并列连词有 but 和 yet， 如 She is a good student, but she didnt pass the final exam. 又如 I think the news is strange, yet it is true 表示选择关系的连词有or， either or，如 Hurry up, or you will be late for school 表示因果关系的并列连词有 for， so 如 They studied very hard， so they all passed the exam 在初中范围复合句中主要有状语从句和宾语从句名词性从句两种，而定语从句形容词性从句要在高中讲解并描述，为了使同学阅读文章方便，我们将在下面另一章予以介绍。

我们首先来看宾语从句 ① 在及物动词的后面可以接一个名词来充当宾语，如 I knew the man, 而这时也可以用一个句子来充当宾语，如 I knew that he was a good man 这时宾语从句的连接词有 that, that 只在从句中起联接作用，不在句中充当语法成分，既不是主语也不是宾语，所以在口语中经常被省略如 I am sure that she has passed the exam ②if, whether 它们在宾语从句中只起连接作用，不起语法作用，当作是否讲从句中有 or not 结构时，要用 whether, 如 I ask him if whether he has had his lunch I asks him whether he has had his lunch or not ③ what 它在宾语从句中除了作连接词外，还要作主语或宾语成份，如 I dont understand what you said what 作 said 的宾语又如 I asked him what made him sick what 在宾语从句中作主语。

④ who，它也和what一样，在句中除作连接词外，可以充当句中的成份，如I know who she is looking for ⑤ whose 如 I want to know whose book this is ⑥ which 如 Do you know which book is mine 在连接词中还有4个常用的连接副词， ① how 它的应用最广，如 how much, how many, how long, how soon, how ol d 如 How much does it cost ② when 它只是连接时间状语，如 Please tell me when the meeting will begin ③ where 它连接地点状语，如 Where are you from ④ why 它要连接的是缘由状语从句，如 The teacher asked why Tom didnt come to school. 在考试中常见到的考点是宾语从句的时态与主句时态的呼应问题 ① 主句谓语动词假如是如今时或将来时，宾语从句的时态可以是任何所需要的时态， 如 I know he didnt come. 我知道他没来。

I know he will come tomorrow 我知道他明天来I know he has gone to London 我知道他已去伦敦了 ② 主句中的谓语动词若是过去时，宾语从句也要用过去时态中的某一种比方 一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时除了在表达宇宙中的客观真理时，不能用如今时态如 I wanted to know when he would come The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun状语从句主要有时间状语从句，其连接词有after， before， when， as， as soon as， until till， while， since， by 其中较难把握的有以下几点 ① until till 直到，在用 until 表达时间状语的句子中，主句中的动词是要十分当心去选择如动词是持续性动词，它要用确定句，如 I studied hard until 12 oclock last night. 假如动词是瞬间截止性动词，则要用否认句，如 He didnt go to bed until his mother came back ② 由since， for， by， before 来引导的时间状语从句。

since 引导的时间状语是动作的开始时间，如 I have studied English since １９９０ 而由 by 引导的时间状语通常是动作的结束时间，如 I had learned 25 English songs by the end of last term 而before 则多用于完成时， ago 则多用于一般过去时，如 He had finished his work before twelve yesterday I left my hometown two years ago ③ 在状语从句中用一般如今时或一般过去时表示将来它们可能是主句用一般将来时，从句用一般如今时，如 If it rains, they wont go to the park on Sunday 也可以主句是一般过去时，从句用一般过去进行时，如 He said if it rained the next day he would not go to the park 考试中常见的考点有要学生区分是条件、时间状语从句还是宾语从句，因在宾语从句中该用什么时态用什么时态，如 I want to know if he will come here tomorrow 在宾语从句中的条件状语从句与主句的关系，如 I want to know if it rains he will come here tomorrow 在缘由状语从句中主要是 ① because， 应译为〞因为〞。

它表达的因果关系最强，如 He didnt pass the exam because he didnt study hard ② since 应译为〞既然〞，如 Since you were ill yesterday I left some notes on your desk ③ as 应译为〞由于〞，如 As it is too hot wed better go swimming since 与 as 所表达的因果关系远比 because 弱得多而 for 表达的因果关系最弱它不能用于句首，如 He studies hard, for he wants to go to college在比较状语从句中有同级比较 as as， 如 This book is as good as that one 要留意的有两点 ① as as 中间要用原级而不是比较级 ② 用形容词还是副词，如 Mary writes as carefully as Tom 而其否认句为 not as so as， 如 They didnt work so hard as we did, 而不同级比较用比较级加 than, 如 He is younger than I am 要留意的是表示〞越来越〞这一概念时有两个句型 ① 比较级＋and＋比较级，如 The days are getting longer and longer The little girl is becoming more and more beautiful ② 定冠词 the ＋ 比较级＋ the ＋ 比较级，如 The harder you study, the more you can learn方式状语中要留意的是as 连词与 like 介词的区分。

as 作为连词其后接从句，如 Please do it as I did it 但后面的句子 常作省略，如 Please do it 第 8 页 共 8 页。