le-pronom-personnel直接间接宾语代词、重读人称代词、代词y-和en.docx

LE PRONOM PERSONNELSujetObjet directObject indirectToniqueje me memoitutetetoiille(l’)luiluiellela (l’)luiellenousnousnousnousvous vousvousvousilslesleureuxelleslesleurellesse (s’)se (s’)soiPRONOMS COMPLEMENTS D'OBJET DIRECT (COD) Direct object pronouns 直接宾语代词a pronoun replaces a noun, and in this case the noun is a direct object. Whether a verb takes a direct object or not depends on whether the specific verb is transitive or intransitive. FORMSIn front of a word starting with a vowel, le and la become l'; me becomes m'; te becomes t'. Direct object pronouns in French agree in number and gender with the nouns they replace. Note that le/l' can replace an adjective or verbe or nom attribut (les verbes sont alors les verbs être, sembler, devenir, paraître) or une proposition objet direct or proposition infinitive 注意： le (l’) 能代替的情况：（不用管 阴阳性，不用管单复数 ）形容词，作为表语的名词，分句作为直接宾语的，分句是动词原型的。

Tex et Tammy sont amoureux? Oui, ils le sont.Ils sont etudieants-ils le sont.Joe-Bob: Tu veux que j'appelle Tammy? Tex: Non, moi, je vais le faireJe veux que tu viennes demain-je le veux Je veux partir demain-je le veuxElle espère être reçue à son examen-elle l’espère PLACEMENT: Direct object pronouns precede the verb of which they are the object. In a composed tense (like the passé composé), the pronoun precedes the auxiliary. In infinitive constructions, the pronoun goes immediately before the infinitive. When the conjugated verb is negative, the ne precedes the object pronoun. 放在动词前，放在助动词前，放在原形动词前，ne 放在代词前Bette: Sois raisonnable, Tammy. Tex ne veut pas t'épouser.Bette: Be reasonable, Tammy. Tex doesn't want to marry you.Tammy: Mais si. Il l'a promis quand je l'ai rencontré à Lyon.Tammy: Yes he does. He promised when I met him in Lyon.Bette: Mais il ne m'avait pas encore rencontrée!Bette: But he hadn't yet met me!In the negative imperative, the pronoun follows the normal placement before the verb. However, in the affirmative imperative, the object pronoun goes after the verb and is attached to it by a hyphen. In addition, me and te become moi and toi. 在否定的祈使句中，直接宾语位置形式不用变，但是在肯定祈使句中直接宾语代词要变成重读人称代词，moi, toi，放在用连词符放在动词后面.(就只是toi,和moi,别的不用在祈使句中变成重读人称)Bette: Tex, embrasse-moi!Bette: Tex, kiss me!Joe-Bob: Attends, ne l'embrasse pas devant moi. Je m'en vais.Joe-Bob: Wait, don't kiss her in front of me. I'm leaving.AGREEMENT OF THE PAST PARTICIPLEThe past participle agrees in gender and in number with a preceding direct object. In other words, if the direct object pronoun is feminine, add an e to the end of the past participle; if the pronoun is masculine plural, add an s (unless the past participle already ends in s); if it is feminine plural, add es. 直接宾语代词放在复合过去式时，过去分词的性数要和直接宾语代词相同，详见 passé compose 那里PRONOMS COMPLEMENTS D' INDIRECT (COI) Direct object pronouns间接宾语代词FORMS AND USES An indirect object is a person which receives the action of a verb indirectly. In French the indirect object is always preceded by the preposition à and in English by the preposition 'to' : An indirect object pronoun indicates à + a person. (人不是物！！！)PLACEMENT the same with the COD however, there is no agreement in passé compose.放的位置的直接宾语一样，但是在复合过去式中，就算提前了，过去分词的性数也没有变化。

在祈使句中的用法也和直宾一样LE PRONOM Y ET ENYØ y expressing place Y replaces a preposition indicating location plus its object: 'à UT' (at UT), 'devant la Tour' (in front of the Tower). It is usually translated as there. Prepositions which indicate location include à, en, dans, devant, derrière, sous, sur. The noun objects of these prepositions are places and things which indicate a place. The exception is the preposition chez which is used with a person, as in 'chez Bette' (Bette's place). Y 作为代词代替地点状语：à 等表示地点的介词+地点或表示地点的名词。

Ø y with certain verbs With certain verbs y replaces the preposition à when its object is an idea or thing, but not a person. Some of these verbs are penser à, réfléchir à (to think about), s'intéresser à (to be interested in), répondre à (to answer to), participer à (to participate in). In these expressions, the preposition à is idiomatic. It does not indicate location in or movement toward.在某些特定的词中y 代替A +OBJECT ,当这个object 是（nom de chose, nom abstrait）表示事物的名词，而不是表示人的宾语 ，当遇到表示人的宾语时要用间接宾语，或用重读人称代词（看具体的动词）ENØ En is a pronoun that typically replaces de + a noun; this includes nouns introduced by partitive or indefinite determiners (de, du, de l', de la, des). En may be translated as 'some', 'any', or 'not any'. En代替名词的数量： 用部分冠词或者不定冠词+名词 做直接宾语 看en 代替的意义是特指还是泛指。

Je veux des pommes-j’en veuxJe veux les pommes-je les veux Voici les raisins, mangez-en (这是我买的葡萄，吃一点吧) Voici les raisins, mangez-les（全吃了吧）Ø In a similar fashion, en replaces a noun introduced by a number or an expression of quantity. 一． 做直接宾语，1.可替代由部分冠词（du, de la,。