牛布鲁氏菌病.docx

牛布鲁氏菌病（病）Bovine Brucellosis （Bangs）Prepared by: Dr. Terry HuntTranslated by Dr. Ren XiaolingCause & PathogenesisBrucella abortus - gram-negative coccobaccilliOIE Reportable Disease —人类波浪热病因/发病机理流产布氏杆菌一•球杆菌OIE报告疾病人畜共患病——与公共健康有关Zoonotic Disease - Public Health concerns 一 undulant fever in humans-高度传染——牛〉绵羊，山羊，猪和狗Highly contagious 一 Cattlc>shccp, goats, swine and dogs•消化道是基本的传播方式Primary transmission is by ingestion•奶和子宫排泄物中可查到碗菌Bacteria found in milk and uterine discharges•能穿过粘膜或通过伤口传染Will cross mucous membrane or through wounds•机械媒介可传染本病-Mechanical vectors can transmit the disease•奶牛流产一次，但成为病原携带者Cows only abort once but become earners危险因素Risk Factors•流产胎儿，感染的胎盘和子宫排泄物Aborted fetuses, infected placenta and uterine discharges •临床表现正常，但感染过的病原携带者Infected clinically normal carrier cows•牛群新增牛是己感染动物Herd additions of infected animals•感染牛或病原携带牛的奶临床症状•常在第三个三个月•产死胎•胎衣不下和子宫炎•产奶量下降.奶牛除非有继发病Milk from infected or carrier cowsClinical Findings（7一9 个月）流产 Usually third trimester abortionsStillborn calvesRetained placenta and metritis Decreased milk production（子宫炎），一般可能无症状Cows may not be sick unless secondary problems (metritis) •公牛有睾丸炎，精囊腺炎和附睾炎(生殖道)Orchitis, seminal vesiculitis and epididymitis in bulls (reproductive tract)•从乳房淋巴结或公牛感染的睾丸培养细菌Culture organism from mammary lymph nodes or infected testis of bulls•其他原因引起牛的后期流产Other causes of late term abortion in cattle诊断Diagnosis•后期流产的胎儿•坏死性胎盘炎•从胎盘分离细菌Aborted late term fetusesNecrotizing placentitisIsolation of the organism from placenta鉴别诊断Differential Diagnosis实验室和病理学诊断 Laboratory and Pathology 筛选试验Screening tests确诊试验Confirmatory tests•不选择治疗，预防和扑灭是目标Treatment is not an option as prevention and eradication is the goal •扑杀感染牛〜Slaughter infected cattle•全乳环状试验 •缓冲平板抗原试验•ELISA试验Milk ring testBuffered plate antigen testELISA•补体结合试验 •间接酶免疫测定 治疗Complement fixationIndirect enzyme immunoassayTreatment后遗症•隐性携带者 •子宫炎•跛行•不孕SequelaeInapparent carriersMastitisLamenessInfertility防^Prevention & Control•许多发展中国家己经扑灭了本病Most developed countries have eradicated the disease•在扑灭疫病的初期，扑杀、注射疫苗是最重要的Initially, a vaccination program is important in the eradication of the disease 免疫程序Vaccination Program•用19株疫苗接种2-8月龄的小母牛Vaccinate replacement heifers with Strain 19 vaccine 2-8 months of age・RB51株疫苗可用于较老的牛只，可引起较小的交叉反应Strain RB51 vaccine can be used in older cattle and causes less cross reactions•对所有18月龄以上的牛进行布鲁氏菌病检验Brucellosis test all animals over 18 months of age•对所有未注苗的动物进行检验Brucellosis test all non-vaccinated animals•扑杀所有检验为阳性的动物Slaughter all animals testing positive•如果发病率太高，应使牛群减少If incidence is too high, depopulate herd•所有的可疑反应需夜确诊试验Do confirmatory test on all suspicious reactors•问题是对己免疫的动物有可疑试验Problem is suspicious tests on vaccinated animals•当发病率降低时，停止免疫As incidence of disease decreases, stop vaccination program检验和扑杀 Test & Slaughter•阳性畜在间隔三个月后重新检验，当两次检验为阴性时，每年检一次Retest positive herd at three month intervals then when two negative herd tests, test at yearly intervals •制定监测程序Institute a monitoring program•个体动物鉴定和追踪程序是必需的Individual animal identification and trace back program is essential。