OM习题及答案汇总1-9章-全.docx

OM习题及答案汇总1-9章-全 Chapter 1 Operations and ProductivityDISCUSSION QUESTIONS1. Why should one study operations management? SOLUTION The text suggests four reasons to study OM. We want to understand (1) how people organize themselves for productive enterprise, (2) how goods and services are produced, (3) what operations managers do, and (4) this costly part of our economy and most enterprises. 6. What are the three basic functions of a firm? SOLUTION The basic functions of a firm are marketing, accounting/ finance, and operations. An interesting class discussion: ―Do all firms/organizations (private, government, not-for-profit) perform these three functions?‖ The authors’ hypothesis is yes, they do. 7. Name the 10 decision areas of operations management. SOLUTION1. Design of Goods and Services. 2. Managing Quality. 3. Process Strategy. 4. Location Strategies. 5. Layout Strategies. 6. Human Resources.7. Supply-Chain Management. 8. Inventory Management. 9. Scheduling. 10. Maintenance.13.Describe some of the actions taken by Taco Bell to increase productivity that have resulted in Taco Bell’s ability to serve “twice the volume with half the labor.”SOLUTION Taco Bell designed meals that were easy to prepare; with actual cooking and food preparation done elsewhere; automation to save preparation time; reduced floor space; manager training to increase span of control. PROBLEMS1.1 John Lucy makes wooden boxes in which to ship motorcycles. John and his 1three employees invest 40 hours per day making the 120 boxes. a) What is their productivity?b) John and his employees have discussed redesigning the process to improvethe productivity. If they can increase the rate to 125 per day, what will be their new productivity?c) What will be their increase in productivity? SOLUTION (a)= 3.0 boxes/hour(b) = 3.125 boxes/hour(c) Change in productivity = 0.125 boxes/hour (d) Percentage change == 4.166% 1.6 Eric Johnson makes billiard balls in his New England plant. With recent increases in his costs, he has a newfound interest in efficiency. Eric isinterested in determining the productivity of his organization. He would like to know if his organization is maintaining the manufacturing average of 3% increase in productivity. He has the following data representing a month from last year and an equivalent month this year: LAST YEAR NOW Units produced 1,000 1,000 Labor (hours) 300 275 Resin (pounds) 50 45 Capital invested ($) 10,000 11,000 Energy (BTU) 3,000 2,850 Show the productivity change for each category and then determine the improvement for labor-hours, the typical standard for compassion. SOLUTION Resource Last Year This Year Change Percent Change Labor =3.33=3.64 0.31=9.3% Resin =20 =22.22 2.22 =11.1% Capital =0.1 =0.09 -0.01 =-10.0%2 Energy =0.33 =0.35 0.02 =6.1% 1.7 Eric Johnson (using data from Problem 1.6) determines his costs to be as follows: · labor $10 per hour; · resin $5 per pound; · capital 1% per month of investment; · energy $.50 per BTU. Show the productivity change, for one month last year versus one month this year, on a multifactor basis with dollars as the common denominator. SOLUTION Last Year This Year Production 1,000 1,000 Labor hr. @ $10 $3,000 $2,750 Resin @ $5 250 225 Capital cost/month 101 110 Energy 1,500 1,425 $4,850 $4,510 = = = 0.078 fewer resources =>7.8% improvement* * with rounding to 3 decimal places. 3 Chapter 2 Operations Strategy in a Global Environment P42DISCUSSION QUESTIONS6.Describe how an organization’s mission〔使命〕 and strategy(战略) have different purposes.Solution:A mission specifies where the organization is going and a Strategy specifies how it is going to get there.10.There are three primary ways to achieve competitive advantage. Provide an example, not include in the text, of each. Support your choices.Solution:The text focuses on three conceptual strategies—cost leadership, differentiation and response. Cost leadership by Wal-Mart—via low overhead, vicious cost reduction in the supply chain; Differentiation, certainly any premium product—all fine dining restaurants, up-scale autos—Lexus, etc.; Response, your local pizza delivery service, FedEx, etc.12. Given the discussion of Southwest Airlines in the test, define an operations strategy(运营战略) for that firm.Solution:The int。