三权分立展示.ppt

美国的三权分立制,,,Separation of powers in the United States,(国会) Congress,(最高法院) the supreme court,(政府)government,三权分立的由来,三权分立制度的理论基础是17—18世纪西欧资产阶级革命时期英国资产阶级政治思想家洛克和法国资产阶级启蒙学者孟德斯鸠提出的分权学说这一学说基于这样一个理论前提，即绝对的权力导致绝对的腐败，所以，国家权力应该分立，互相制衡资产阶级的思想家们希望据此建立一个民主、法治的国家英法资产阶级革命和美国独立战争以后，三权分立成为资产阶级建立国家制度的根本原则 在当代，尽管西方国家的政治制度发生了很大变化，但三权分立仍然是它的一个根本特点对于这种制度，西方的政治家和思想家非常推崇，认为只有实行三权分立，才是民主和法治的标志；不实行这种制度，就是专制他在《论法的精神》中，将国家权力分为三种：立法权、行政权和司法权所谓三权分立，就是通过法律规定，将三种权力分别交给三个不同的国家机关执掌，既保持各自的权限，又要相互制约保持平衡分权的目的在于避免独裁者的产生三权分立关系图,宪法,立法,行政,司法,国会,总统,联邦法院,Congress,Have legislative power, to enact lawsDirectly elected by voters and only responsible for the voters. no administrative interventionThe president is not to go to the congress, can't decide whether members of the salary,the Supreme Court,1.The judicial power, the law. the supreme court of final adjudication and the constitutional review2. Federal court judge by the president asked the senate and appointed3. The judge if the path of duty, life tenure and shall not be removed from office of the congress decided to impeach,Government,Exercises control and implement the law, the organization of the government. Indirectly elected by voters and be responsible directly to voters. no responsible to parliament Congress shall decrease the president, may recall the president,,,,,掌握立法权，制定法律。

由选民直接选举产生，只对选民负责 不受行政机关的干预总统无权解散国会，不能决定议员的工资待遇掌握行政权，实施法律，组织政府由选民间接选举产生，直接对选民负责不对国会负责国会不得增减总统报酬，不得罢免总统(除非定罪)掌握司法权，审查法律 最高法院有终审权和违宪审查权联邦法院法官均由总统征得参议院同意后任命法官只要忠于职守，可终身任职，非经国会弹劾不得免职问题：三权如何“分立”？,Why do the USA choose the Separation of powers? (美国选择三权分立制度的缘由?),,(1).Factors influencing ： historical conditions and specific national conditions （1）影响因素：历史条件和具体国情,(2).The deciding factor ： countries of the class nature （2）决定因素：国家的阶级本质,Advantages VS Disadvantages,Three rights division had its positive effects, against feudal autocratic, democracy and safeguard the interests of the bourgeoisie,1.Any of the division of powers and balances was in the distribution of power 2. Three organs of state power are nonsense, and lead to inefficiencies,。