m3u2Reading语言点讲解.ppt

1. throughout history 在整个历史进程中在整个历史进程中2. That is why… 这就是为什么这就是为什么……3. confusing rules 令人困惑不解的规则令人困惑不解的规则4. be made up of 由由……组成组成5. rules and vocabulary 规则和词汇规则和词汇 That is why English is a language with so many confusing rules. (p22) 正因为如此，英语才成了一种具有许多令正因为如此，英语才成了一种具有许多令人困惑不解的规则的语言人困惑不解的规则的语言1. 问题是我们找不到合适的时间问题是我们找不到合适的时间 The problem was that we couldn’t find a suitable time. 2. 我们学校不再是以前的样子了我们学校不再是以前的样子了 Our school is no longer what it used to be. 3. 这是鲁迅曾经生活过的地方这是鲁迅曾经生活过的地方。

That is where Lu Xun once lived.  The traditional view is ______ we sleep because our brain is “programmed” to make us do so. （（2007上海）上海） A. when B. why C. whether D. thatThe English language is made up of the rules and vocabulary each group of people brought to Britain with them. (p22) 英语是由每个进入不列颠的人群所说语言英语是由每个进入不列颠的人群所说语言中的规则和词汇构成的中的规则和词汇构成的Each class in our school is made up of fifty-five students.be made up of由由……组成（主动为组成（主动为make up)Fifty-five students make up each class in our school.我们学校每个班由我们学校每个班由55名学生组成。

名学生组成1. 编造编造 Make up a story.2. 补足补足,弥补弥补 我们需要五十元以弥补损失我们需要五十元以弥补损失 We need $50 to make up the loss. 3. 化装化装 她花了一个多小时才打扮好她花了一个多小时才打扮好 It took her more than an hour to make herself up.Someone is coming, but I can't make out who it is.Can you make this length of cloth into a suit?Desks can be made of wood.Wine is made from rice. 由由……制成制成弄懂弄懂,分辨分辨把把……制成制成…… It’s the sort of work that ________ a high level of concentration. (2007山山东）东） A. calls for B. makes up C. lies in D. stands for Everybody in the village likes Jack because he is good at telling and _________ jokes．．（（2005江苏）江苏） A. turning up　　 　　B. putting up C. making up 　　　　D. showing upeachThey each have an English dictionary.=Each of them has an English dictionary.There’re many tall buildings on each/ either side of the street.注意注意主主谓语单复数的不同及原因谓语单复数的不同及原因注意注意不可用不可用every, every用于三用于三者或三者以上。

者或三者以上1. invade1. invade2. mix…with…2. mix…with…3. create3. create4. It is certain that…4. It is certain that…5. consist of5. consist of6. ...find it hard to decide 6. ...find it hard to decide which words … which words …7. This is because…7. This is because…①① 侵入侵入,侵略侵略②②诺曼人于诺曼人于1066年入侵英国年入侵英国The Normans invaded England in 1066.②② 侵犯侵犯,侵扰侵扰 侵犯某人的权利侵犯某人的权利 invade sb’s rights③③ 拥入拥入,大批进入大批进入这个城市涌来了一批游客这个城市涌来了一批游客 The town was invaded by a crowd of tourists.④④ (疾病等疾病等)侵袭侵袭这种疾病侵袭了他的身体这种疾病侵袭了他的身体。

The disease invaded his body.invasion n. They each had their own language and Anglo-Saxon (the base of Old English) developed from mixing these languages with Celtic. (p22) 这三个日尔曼部落分别有自己的语言，作为古这三个日尔曼部落分别有自己的语言，作为古英语基础的盎格鲁英语基础的盎格鲁-撒克逊语就是在这三种语言撒克逊语就是在这三种语言与凯尔特语相交汇的过程中发展起来的与凯尔特语相交汇的过程中发展起来的使混和使混和,搀和搀和,混淆混淆,搞混搞混mix joy with sorrow.Oil doesn't mix with water. 喜悲交集喜悲交集油和水不能混合油和水不能混合mix up 使弄不清；使混乱；混淆；使弄不清；使混乱；混淆；His explanation just mixed me up more. I always mix up the twins.我总是把这对双胞胎弄混我总是把这对双胞胎弄混他的解释令我更加糊涂了。

他的解释令我更加糊涂了It’s certain that… 肯定肯定,一定（此处不可用一定（此处不可用sure））他明天肯定会来他明天肯定会来It’s certain that he will come tomorrow.He is sure /certain to come tomorrow.be certain / sure of / about 对对……有把握有把握在英语学习方面他对语法把握不大在英语学习方面他对语法把握不大He is not certain/ sure of grammar in English learning.某一位某一位,某个某个 A certain Mr. Li called on you yesterday. The language consisted of an Anglo-Saxon base plus words from the languages of Denmark and Norway. 它以盎格鲁它以盎格鲁-撒克逊语撒克逊语为基础，加上丹麦语和挪威语的词汇构成为基础，加上丹麦语和挪威语的词汇构成consist of / be made up of 由由……构成构成;包含包含这个研究小组由两名中国科学家和三名美国专家这个研究小组由两名中国科学家和三名美国专家组成。

组成The research team consists of two Chinese scientists and three American experts.联合王国包括大不列颠与北爱尔兰联合王国包括大不列颠与北爱尔兰The United Kingdom consists of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.plus:加，加上（介词）＝加，加上（介词）＝added toTwo plus five is seven.When we speak English today, we sometimes find it hard to decide which words or phrases to use. (p22)如今，我们在说英语时，有时发现很难确如今，我们在说英语时，有时发现很难确定到底该选哪些单词或词组定到底该选哪些单词或词组1. It is quite difficult to find one’s family history.2. Do you consider it necessary to send more people to help them? 3. It was at midnight that he heard a crying softly.The chairman thought _______necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting . （（2005全国Ｉ）全国Ｉ）A. that 　　　　B. it 　　　　C. this 　　D. himIt wasn’t until nearly a month later __________ I received the manager’s reply. （（2005全国Ｉ）全国Ｉ）A. since 　　B. when 　　C. as 　　D. that The doctor advised Vera strongly that she should take a holiday, but _______ didn’t help.　（　（ 2005全国全国III ））A．．it 　　　　B．．she　　C．．which　　D．．HeIt was some time _______ we realized the truth. 　（　（2005山东）山东）A. when B. until C. since D. before1. contribute to2. take control of3. replace4. despite5. have an impact on6. result in7. raise8. adoptMany factors contributed to the development of this new type of English.很多因素使得英语发展成这种新的类型。

很多因素使得英语发展成这种新的类型It was believed that smoking had contributed to his early death.人们相信是抽烟使他过早死亡人们相信是抽烟使他过早死亡1) 为造成某一结果而作出贡献；为造成某一结果而作出贡献； 促成促成……的因素：的因素：锻炼能促成更强健的体魄锻炼能促成更强健的体魄Exercise contributes to better health.causedMany people are willing to contribute their money to Hope Project.2) 捐捐(款款);捐献捐献;投稿投稿 contribute/donate … to …He contributed an article to China Daily.许多人愿意把他们的钱捐赠给希望工程许多人愿意把他们的钱捐赠给希望工程他为他为《《中国日报中国日报》》撰写了一篇文章撰写了一篇文章contribution n.make great contributions to对对……作出巨大贡献作出巨大贡献 under control 在控制之下在控制之下; out of control 失去控制失去控制 lose control of 失去控制失去控制 The English conquered this country and took control of it. 英国人征服了这个国家并掌控了它。

英国人征服了这个国家并掌控了它 The fire lasted half an hour before it was under control. 大火持续了半小时才得到控制大火持续了半小时才得到控制 He lost control of the plane. 他控制不了飞机了他控制不了飞机了1) 代替（＝代替（＝take the place of)Electric lights have replaced candles. 电灯已经取代了蜡烛电灯已经取代了蜡烛2) 放回原处放回原处报纸读完后请放回原处报纸读完后请放回原处When you have finished reading the newspaper, please replace it.despite prep.= in spite of 不管不管,尽管尽管,任凭任凭尽管他病了，他还去上班尽管他病了，他还去上班He went to work despite his illness.尽管他年事已高，他还在学驾驶尽管他年事已高，他还在学驾驶Despite the advanced years, he is learning to drive.虽然他花费了许多时间虽然他花费了许多时间,但是他就是不擅长音乐。

但是他就是不擅长音乐He is not good at music despite the fact that he has spent much time on it.In spite of Despite such a big difference in ____ towards what one eats, there is no doubt that people in the west regard the Chinese food as something special. (2007湖北）湖北） A. point B. idea C. attitudeD. sighthave an impact on 对对……有影响有影响他的思想对他后来的研究有很大影响他的思想对他后来的研究有很大影响His ideas had a great impact on the research afterwards.那一刻他的话对你有怎样的影响那一刻他的话对你有怎样的影响?What kind of impact did his words have on you at that moment?result in=lead to/cause 导致导致……结果结果他的粗心致使比赛失败了。

他的粗心致使比赛失败了His carelessness resulted in the loss of the game.result from由于由于……而产生而产生;作为作为…….的结果的结果Sickness often results from eating too much.因为吃得太多而病了因为吃得太多而病了as a result of 由于由于……的结果的结果as a result　　　　结果结果•由于下大雨由于下大雨,我们得呆在家里我们得呆在家里.•We had to stay at home as a result of the heavy rain. =It rained heavily. As a result, we had to stay at home. As a result of the serious flood, two-thirds of the buildings in the area . (2007陕西陕西) A. need repairing B. needs to repair C. needs repairing D. need to repair At this point, many English people worked as servants who raised animals and cooked for the Normans. 在此期间在此期间, 很多英国人沦为诺曼人的仆人很多英国人沦为诺曼人的仆人, 他们为诺曼人饲养牲畜他们为诺曼人饲养牲畜, 给他们做饭。

给他们做饭 raise v.饲养饲养; 养育养育 How did you manage to raise such a big family on such small income? 你是如何设法用这么少的收入养活这么你是如何设法用这么少的收入养活这么一个大家庭的一个大家庭的Raise your right hand if you can answer my question.In order to make everyone hear him clearly, he raised his voice.They are going to raise money for the school buildings.at this/that point 在这时在这时/那时那时举起举起提高提高筹集筹集就在那时我认出他来了就在那时我认出他来了At that point, I recognized him.By the latter half of the 14th century, English was adopted by all classes in England. (p23)到到14世纪后半叶，英国各阶层都使用了英语。

世纪后半叶，英国各阶层都使用了英语vt. ⑴⑴ 采用采用;采纳采纳;吸收吸收校长决定采纳她的建议校长决定采纳她的建议The headmaster decided to adopt her suggestions.他采用了我们的教学方法他采用了我们的教学方法He adopted our methods of teaching. ⑵⑵ 过继过继,收养收养 许多美国家庭收养孩子许多美国家庭收养孩子Many American families adopt children. (1)Students are not allowed to talk in class. (2)Our class is made up of 54 students.(3)Most people in Japan think they belong to the middle class. (4)She belonged to that class of people, who only think of themselves.(5)The school is very famous, in fact, I think it is among the first-class schools. English was adopted by all classes.1. undergo2. style 风格风格3. dialect 方言方言4. process 进程进程,过程过程5. depend onPronunciation also underwent huge changes during this period. (p23) 在此期间，英语发音也经历了巨大变化。

在此期间，英语发音也经历了巨大变化undergo-underwent-undergonevt. (1) 经历经历;经受经受;忍受忍受在取得成功之前你可能得忍受失望和失败之苦在取得成功之前你可能得忍受失望和失败之苦You may have to undergo disappointment and failure before achieving success. (2) 接受接受(治疗治疗,检查等检查等) 所有新来的都要接受体检所有新来的都要接受体检All the freshmen will undergo a medical examination.There are many different dialects of English depending on where people live. (p25)依人们居住地的不同，方言有很多不同的种类依人们居住地的不同，方言有很多不同的种类 ①①相信相信;信赖信赖[(+on/upon)]你可以相信他你可以相信他You can depend on him.Jane is a person to be depended upon. ②②依靠依靠,依赖依赖 (+on/upon) 好的身体要靠优质的食品好的身体要靠优质的食品,新鲜的空气和足新鲜的空气和足够的睡眠。

够的睡眠Health depends on good food, fresh air and enough sleep.  --- Are you going? --- It all depends. =It / That / depends.It depends on whether you want to do it or not. ( (口语口语) )看情况看情况③③依依......而定而定;取决于取决于 (+on/upon) 价格取决于质量价格取决于质量The price depends on the quality. Choosing the right dictionary depends on ______ you want to use it for. (2007江苏）江苏） A. what B. why C. how D. whether— Could I use your computer for a few moments, please?— . I’m not using it myself. （（2007陕西）陕西）A. Come on B. It dependsC. Go ahead D. That’s great1. 这就是为何英语是一种有许多令人困惑这就是为何英语是一种有许多令人困惑不解的规则的语言。

不解的规则的语言2. 英语是由每个进入不列颠的人群所说语英语是由每个进入不列颠的人群所说语言中的规则和词汇构成的言中的规则和词汇构成的That’s why English is a language with so many confusing rules.The English language is made up of the rules and vocabulary each group of people brought to Britain with them.3. 他们分别有自己的语言，盎格鲁他们分别有自己的语言，盎格鲁-撒克撒克逊就是在这三种语言与凯尔特语相交汇逊就是在这三种语言与凯尔特语相交汇的过程中发展起来的的过程中发展起来的They each had their own language and Anglo-Saxon developed from mixing these languages with Celtic.4. 他们所创造的语言就是我们今天所称的他们所创造的语言就是我们今天所称的古英语The language they created is what we now call Old English.5. 事实上如果我们现在听了古英语也肯定事实上如果我们现在听了古英语也肯定听不懂了。

听不懂了6. 这是因为英语中有许多对单词和词组有这是因为英语中有许多对单词和词组有相近的意思相近的意思In fact it is certain that we would not be able to understand it if we heard it today.This is because many pairs of words and phrases have similar meanings in English.7. 很多因素使得英语发展成这种新的类型很多因素使得英语发展成这种新的类型8. 早期的侵略后，凯尔特语被替换成英语早期的侵略后，凯尔特语被替换成英语9. 法语却没有取代英语而成为英国的第一语法语却没有取代英语而成为英国的第一语言Many factors contributed to the development of this new type of English.After the earlier invasion, Celtic had been replaced with English.French did not replace English as the first language.10. 尽管这一事实，法语还是对英语产生尽管这一事实，法语还是对英语产生了巨大的影响。

了巨大的影响Despite this fact, French still had an impact on the English language.11. 在这期间，许多英语人成为诺曼人的在这期间，许多英语人成为诺曼人的仆人，为他们饲养牲畜，给诺曼人做饭仆人，为他们饲养牲畜，给诺曼人做饭At this point, many English people worked as servants who raised animals and cooked for the Normans.12. 在诺曼人控制之后，单词变复数又被在诺曼人控制之后，单词变复数又被法语中单词变复数的方法所取代法语中单词变复数的方法所取代13. 到到14世纪后半叶，英国各阶层都使用世纪后半叶，英国各阶层都使用了英语After the Normans took control this was replaced by the French way of making plurals.By the latter half of the 14th century, English was adopted by all classes in England.14. 由于这个原因，近代英语包括了许多拉丁由于这个原因，近代英语包括了许多拉丁词汇和希腊词汇。

词汇和希腊词汇15. 在此期间，英语发音也经历了巨大变化在此期间，英语发音也经历了巨大变化16. 英语在未来是不是还要继续变化这个问题英语在未来是不是还要继续变化这个问题其实很容易回答其实很容易回答Because of this, Modern English includes many Latin and Greek words.Pronunciation also underwent huge changes during this period.The question of whether English will continue changing in the future is easy to answer.17. 一个人来自什么地方也会影响到其说一个人来自什么地方也会影响到其说话风格18. 可以肯定的是，这样的变化过程还会可以肯定的是，这样的变化过程还会持续，人们还会不断发明新的词汇和新持续，人们还会不断发明新的词汇和新的表达法的表达法Where a person comes from will affect their style of speech.It is certain that this process will continue, and people will keep inventing new words and new ways of saying things.。