小学教师职业倦怠调查研究外文翻译.doc

小学教师职业倦怠调查研究外文翻译原文1A study on primary school teacherteacher burnout levelsDefinitionThe most commonly accepted definition of burnout is the three dimensional one by Maslach et aL (1986). According to this, burnout is a three dimensional term which includes the emotional exhaustion, apathy and decrease in personal success which is often seen in people who work face to face with others (Maslach and Jackson, 1986; Qld. In Aksoy, 2007,8). What is important here is that burnout is a continuous variable and that individuals should not be classified as all or nothing (Girgin and Baysal, 2005,4)- Studies have shown that burnout is an individual concept, contains a negative emotional experience and is based on a chronic uninterrupted emotion. It is differentto a transient feeling of tiredness which disappears after a time・ Possible to appear at different stages of work life, burnout has the characteristics of a continuous negative emotional reaction (Shirom, 1989; Qtd. in Vizh, 2005, 11). Burnout is a stress equation and an invasive process. It has been related to people's expectations and usually emerges as a result of a big mismatch between unrealistic expectations and real life (TiinikayaJ996J 1). In professions with intense face to face human relations, such as the medical profession, teaching and management, burnout is more frequent due to the nature of the work (Schwab & Iwanicki, 1982; Qtd. in Vizh, 2005,12). Teacher burnout is an example of a negative reaction against stressful instructional conditions, students, and lack of administrative support (Seidman and Zager, 1986-197; Qtd. In Tiimkaya, 1996,27). Farber (1984) maintains that burnout results from discipline problems, student apathy, crowded classrooms, compulsory appointments, role conflict and criticism of teachers (Qtd. In Altay, 2007, 33). The emergence and spread of teacher burnout may also result from the educational philosophy which changes in line with social, economic and technological developments・ While educators were a strong element shaping educational decisions and supported by the society until 30-40 years ago, this started to change particularly from the mid-70s and the effect of educators decreased (Iwanicki, 1983; Qtd. in Gundiiz, 2005, 154). Personal variables that may cause burnout include the teacher's age, gender, marital status, education level, length of work, time spent in the last workplace (Johnson, Gold and Knepper, 1984; Qtd. in Aksoy, 2007,20), experience, whether teaching is perceived as a rewarding job, and self perceptions about the effectiveness of one's teachin g・AimThe aim of this study is to determine teacher burnout in primary schools around the Turkish Republic of Northern Cypms. Answers to the following questions were sought1. Do primary school teachers1 burnout levels differ meaningfully with respect to gender?2. Do primary school teachers* burnout levels differ meaningfully with respect to marital status?3. Do primary school teachers1 burnout levels differ meaningfully with respect to with respect to selection of the profession?MethodStudy ModelThis study followed the descriptive scanning method. Such studies determine the relationships between variables examining events, objects, entities, institutions, groups and various fields (Kaptan, 1973, 175). Therefore, this study attempts to determine teacher burnout levels with respect to certain variables.Population and SampleThe study population included the 1482 teachers who were working at the 98 schools affiliated to the Ministry of National Education and Culture in Lefko§a, Gime, Gazimagusa and Guzeiyurt during the 2007-2008 academic year (). The sample comprised 196 teachers from 14 of these schools which were selected randomly. As the sample gets bigger, its reliability increases・ This depends on group size. If the group or population does not exceed several hundred, a 50% sample is necessary・ If it reaches thousands, a sample of 10% or less might be satisfactory (Karata§, 1984,97). The current study reached 13% of the population.Data CollectionTwo instruments were used in data collection:1. Personal Information form,2. Maslach Burnout Inventory. The former was designed by the researcher. It included questions about the participating teachers1 gender, age, marital status, length of employment, time spent at the school of employment, the program they graduated from, weekly contact hours, economic status perception and whether they chose the profession on their own will. At the end of the form, there were two open-ended questions asking the rewarding and challenging aspects of teaching・ It had a total of 11 questions, including the two open-ended items・Validity and Reliability of the InventoryThe reliability study of Maslach Burnout Inventory was determined by Kuder-Richardson 20 formula and the halving techniqueFindings and InterpretationsThe gender distribution of participating teachers were as follow。