澳大利亚历史文化.doc

澳大利亚历史【澳州历史简要介绍】澳大利亚故早的居民一一澳大利亚原住民一一最初生活在复杂的社会系统中，遵循着反映他们与土地利环境Z间深刻联系的各种 传统从那时起，在澳大利亚冇许多事惜都发生了变化从那时到最早的欧洲探险者、罪犯、自由拓荒者和更晚近的移民到达澳洲， 澳大利亚经受了多次经济萧条、战争和政治丑闻，创造了一个个充满生机的城市和'•从林地'与'努力工作的澳洲人’等传奇，为來 自世界各地的人们提供了新的起点，并经历了土著文化的衰落和重新振兴The original inhabitants of Australia, Australian aborigines, the original life in a complex social system, follow the reflected their with various traditional deep relationship between land and the environment. Since then, there are many things have changed in Australia. From then to the first European explorers, criminals, free settlers and more recent immigrants arrived in Australia, Australia suffered multiple economic depression, war and political scandals, the create a city full of vitality and 'jungle* and fhard working australians' legendary, offers a new starting point for people from all over the world, and the decline of the native culture and to revive・【20世纪以前的历史】澳大利亚最早的居民一一澳大利亚原住民一一拥冇世界上最长的连续文化史，其起源可追溯到最后一次冰期。

尽管难解之谜 和争论令澳大利亚史前史的许多方面模糊不清，但一般认为，大约7刀年前，第一批人类越过海洋，从印度尼西亚來到澳大利亚The original inhabitants of Australia, Australian aborigines, has the world's longest continuous culture, its origins can be traced back to the last ice age・ Despite the mysteries and debate to many aspects of Australia's prehistory blurred, but it is generally believed that some 70000 years ago, the first human across the ocean, from Indonesia to Australia.16世纪，欧洲人开始探索澳大利亚先是葡萄牙航海家，接着是荷兰探险家和有胆识的英国海盗威廉•丹皮尔1770年，詹 姆斯•库克船长沿春整个东海岸航行，途中在植物湾停泊；不久他宣布这块大陆为英国所有，并将其命名为新南威尔士。

In the 16th century, europeans began to explore Australia・ First the Portuguese navigator, followed by Dutch explorers and enterprising British pirate William dampier. In 1770, captain James cook sailed along the entire east coast, on the way in botany bay anchorage; Soon he declared for the British all across the continent, and named it new south wales.1779年，约瑟夫•班克斯建议英国向新南威尔士流放囚犯，以此来解决英国监狱人满为患的难题1787年，第一舰队启航前 往植物湾，这支舰队由11艘船组成，载有750名男女囚犯1788年1月26日，舰队抵达植物港，但很快乂北行至悉尼湾，这里 拥有更好的土地和水在新到达者眼里，新南威尔士是一个炎热、荒芜的恐怖之地，并且，饥饿的威胁笼罩这个殖民地多年。

为了同 恶劣的白然条件利暴虑的政府进行斗争，这些新澳大利亚人缔造了一种全新的文化，这种文化成为’努力工作的澳大利亚人’传奇的 基础In 1779, Joseph Banks naturalist on ship suggested that Britain to exile prisoners, new south wales in order to solve the problem of the British pris on overcrowding .In 1787, the first fleet sailed to bota ny bay, this fleet is composed of 11 ship, carryi ng 750 men and women prisoners・ On January 26,1788, the fleet arrived at the port of plants, but quickly to the north fumeaux island, here have better la nd and water. In the eyes of the new arrivals, new south wales is a hot and desolate land of terror, and the threat of hunger enveloped the colony for many years・ With harsh natural conditions and the oppressive government to fight, the newAustralia n has created a new kind of culture, the culture as1 the basis of the australia ns' lege nd of hard work.在接下来的数十年间，自由拓荒者开始被吸引到澳人利亚来，但永久性地改变这片殖民地的却是19世纪50年代金矿的发现。

庞人 数量移民的涌入和儿个大型金矿的发现刺激了经济的增长，改变了悄民地的社会结构随着新的拓荒者占用土地从爭耕作或采矿，原 住民被残忍地驱逐出他们的部落土地到19世纪末期，许多人倾向于将'丛林地'及丛林民族理想化十分受欢迎的Bulletin杂志就是针对这种'丛林民族主义’的大型 论坛这本杂志充满了幽默和对日常生活的情感，其最著名的撰稿人为丛林传奇人物亨利・劳逊和班尼欧•彼得森.In the next few decades, the free settlers began to be attracted to Australia, but permanently change the colony is the discovery of gold in the 1850 s. Large nu mber of the in flux of immigra nts and several large gold deposits found stimulated the growth of the economy, changed the social structure of the colo ny. As the new settlers occupati on of la nd for farming or mining, in dige nous people were brutally evicted from their tribal la nds. By the end of the 19th century, many people tend to think of 'jungle* and national ideal jungle. Very popular Bulletin magazine is aimed at this kind of large BBS 'jungle nationalism. This magazine is full of humor and emoti on of daily life, its most famous writer for the jungle legend Henry Laws on neo peters on, and class.[20世纪历史】1901年1月1日，澳大利亚的六个独立殖民地成立联邦，澳大利亚成为一个国家。

在布尔战争和第一次I比界大战中，澳大利亚军 队与英国军队共同作战羊毛和小麦一一澳洲经济的两大支柱一一价格跳水引发的经济萧条令该国遭受重创1931年，儿乎三 分之一的雇佣劳动者失业，贫因弥漫全国不过，到1933年，澳大利亚经济开始复苏第二次世界大战爆发时，澳大利亚军队在欧 洲与英国军队共同作战，但是，最终却是美国在珊瑚海海战中击败了步步进逼的日木空军，帮助保护了澳大利亚On January 1, 1901, a federal Australia's six independent colonies, Australia became a nation. In the Boer war and the first world war, Australia troops fought together with the British army. Two pillars of wool and wheat ・ Australia's economy - price diving to the country's hard-hit caused by the recession. In 1931, almost a third of hiring workers unemployed, poor country. However, by 1933, the Australian economy began to recovery. When the second world war broke out, the Australian forces in Europe and the British army to fight, but in the end is the United States in the coral sea naval beat swept Japan's air force, to help protect the Australia.二战后，欧洲移民大量涌入。

此后，他们为澳大利亚做出了巨大贡献，使这个国家的文化富有生气，视野得到了拓宽战后时代是澳 大利亚的兴盛期，对英原材料的需求十分旺盛澳大利亚追随美国卷入了朝鲜战争，并在1965年投入军队，在越南战争中支援美国, 然而其参战并未获得国内的绝对支持1964年，澳大利亚开始施行征兵制度(义务兵役制)，这令澳大利亚的许多年轻男子感到十分 苦恼Afte。