新概念第二册第15课语法.pdf

Lesson 15 Good news【 New words and expressions 】 （ 5）secretary n. 秘书nervous adj. 精神紧张的afford v. 负担得起weak adj. 弱的interrupt v. 插话，打断★ secretary['sekr ?t ?ri] n. 秘书a private secretary 一位私人秘书Secretary-general 秘书长Secretary of State 国务卿secret['si:krit] n. 秘密（注意发音与 secretary 的不同）tell a secret 告诉一个秘密keep a secret 保守秘密the secret of success 成功的秘密an open secret 一个公开的秘密in secret 秘密地secret adj. 秘密地，保密的，不公开的a secret marriage 一次秘密的婚礼a secret document 一份秘密的文件★ nervous adj. 精神紧张的① adj. 神经质的，神经紧张的She is a nervous woman. Do you see that nervous smile on her face?② 紧张的，担心的，情绪不安的He had never spoken in public, so he was very nervous.be nervous about or: be nervous of 对 , 感到紧张nervous adj. 精神紧张的（事情发生时）worried adj. 担心的（为以后的事情）upset adj. 不安的 ( 对以前的事情 )irritable adj. 易怒的，急躁的Our teacher is an irritable old lady. She gets angry easily.★ afford v. 负担得起常与 can/could/be able to 连用，不用被动语态。

① vt. 买得起（常与 can/can ’ t 连用）afford sth. I can afford the coat.② vt. 担负得起（损失、后果等），花得起（时间）（常与 can/can ’ t 连用）afford money/time I can afford the hoilday. ( 有时间去 )I can afford five yuan.I can only afford one week for the trip.afford to do sth.I can ’ t afford to be ill again. 我不能再病了I can afford to buy the book.③ vt. 提供，给予Joe afforded us a room for the night.★ weak adj. 弱的←→ strong adj. 无力的，疲弱的，微弱的，不宜察觉的，淡的，（能力等）拙劣的，不擅长的eg. She was still weak after her illness. 大病之后，她仍很虚弱，a weak economy 疲弱的经济a weak market 疲软的市场weak currency 贬值的货币in a weak voice 用微弱的声音a weak smile 微微的一笑strong tea 浓茶weak tea 淡茶weakness n. 弱点eg. This is the only weakness in the machine. 这是这台机器的唯一缺点。

have a weakness for sweets 酷爱甜食or: have a sweet tooth weakling ['wi:kli ?] n. 懦夫，弱者（贬）eg. Don't be such a weakling. 不要做这样的懦夫★ interrupt v. 插话 , 打断interrupt v. 打断某人的话disturb v. 打扰某人Sorry to disturb you.interruption n. 中断，打断★ extra adj. 额外的，附加的，外加的(additional, more than or beyond what is usual, expected, or necessary) eg. The football match went into extra time. 足球赛进入加时赛阶段extra pay for extra work 额外的工作付给额外报酬eg. I would receive an extra thousand pounds a year. 我每年将得到额外的一千英镑extra n. 号外，（电影的）临时演员another 另外一个，又一个eg. There aren't enough chairs here for us all. Please bring me another one. 这儿椅子不够，请再拿一把。

another: 表示在原来基础上再增加一个extra: 表示原来已经足够，在预期的基础上额外的，附加的 Text 】The secretary told me that Mr. Harmsworth woul d see me. I felt very nervous when I went into his office. He di d not look up from his desk when I entered. After I had sat down, he said that business was very bad. He told me that the firm could not afford to pay such large salaries. Twenty people had already left. I knew that my turn had come.'Mr.Harmsworth,' I said in a weak voice.'Don't interrupt,' he said.Then he smiled and told me I would receive an extra thousand pounds a year!参考译文秘书告诉我说哈姆斯沃斯先生要见我 . 我走进他的办公室 , 感到非常紧张 . 我进去的时候 , 他连头也没抬 . 待我坐下后 , 他说生意非常不景气 . 他还告诉我 , 公司支付不起这么庞大的工资开支 , 有 20 个人已经离去 . 我知道这次该轮到我了 . “哈姆斯沃斯先生 , “我无力地说 . “不要打断我的话 , “他说 . 然后他微笑了一下告诉我说 , 我每年将得到 1,000 英镑的额外收入 . 【课文讲解】1、 The secretary told me that Mr. Harmsworth would see me.would 在这里不是表示单纯的过去将来时，而是表示“想 ,, ”、 “要 ,, ”的意思：What would you like to have?John wouldn ’ t lend me his bicycle.2、 He did not look up from his desk when I entered.look up 表示原先在埋头干什么，之后抬头看He looked up (from his book) when he heard a noise.look down 往地上看（ look up 的反义词）look down upon/on sb. 瞧不起某人I look down upon my sister.3、 After I had sat down, he said that business was very bad.Business is very good! 生意好 !4、 He told me that the firm could not afford to pay such large salaries.collect salary 领薪水pay salary 支付薪水large 一般指东西的数量大so 的后面加形容词或副词； such 的后面加名词 , 容许在该名词前面加修饰词so/much 如此1) such + n./n. 短语such a beautiful day. 多美好的天气啊！2) so + adj./adv. + n. so beautiful a day 3) such + 可数名词复数及不可数名词4) so many/much/little/few + n. such large salaries 如此大的工资开销so little water 如此少的水such a shock 如此震惊such a hurry 如此匆忙such a wonderful time 如此美好的时光or: so wonderful a time so many people 如此众多的人so few books 如此少的书5、 I knew that my turn had come.turn n. 轮流，轮班，（依次轮流时各自的）一次机会My turn has come.It is my turn. 轮到我了 ( 口语常用形式 )When his turn came, he couldn ’ t speak any word.6、 'Mr.Harmsworth,' I said in a weak voice.in a , voice 用 ,, 的声音in a loud( 大声 )/low ( 低声 )/weak( 强调心里不踏实 )/strong( 理直气壮 ) voice7、 Then he smiled and told me I would receive an extra thousand pounds a year!以下几个词都可表示 “再 , 又” 的意思 , 注意用法 : ① an extra thousand( 作名词看 )数量 +extra+ 名词 再有多少On Sundays, I usually get some extra sleep.Last month, he was paid an extra hundred pounds.② two others = two other + 名词③ two more Give me two extra/other/more books. 再给我两本书。

once more: 再一次④ another three days 另外三天（只有 another 的数词在后面）【 Key structures 】间接引语把某人所说的话告诉另外一个人时，应该使用间接引语间接陈述句的时态往往受引述动词的影响引述陈述句时最常用的动词是 say 和 tell ， tell 后面必须跟表示人称的间接宾语（ tell sb. ），而 say 后面则可跟或不跟 to+ 讲话对象1、主从一致 : 主句和从句的时态一致① 主句的动词为一般现在时 , 从句为任意时态② 主句的动词为一般过去时 , 从句为相对应的过去时态（时态倒移）一般现在时—— > 一般过去时 现在进行时—— > 过去进行时现在完成时—— > 过去完成时 将来完成时—— > 过去将来完成时一般过去时—— > 过去完成时2、人称变化：主要是第一和第二人称变化3、只要属于宾语从句 , 引导词 that 可以省略。