2020陕西省中考新题型七选五阅读命题规律高分策略(13页).pdf

1 2020 陕西省中考新题型七选五阅读命题规律高分策略 (命题规律高分策略 ) 一、命题趋势 体裁： 以说明文 为主，议论文和记叙文为辅 内容： 教人如何学习、如何做事、如何生活等，一般都是符合中学生的特点、贴近中学生日常生 活的事件的说明，也有可能是对某件事的叙述或者对某事的不同角度来发表自己的看法 二、命题特点 (1) 常含有 tips, steps, suggestions, ways, methods, kinds, types, reasons等词 (2) 文章多半有大标题、小标题、主题句，或有表示列举或顺序的词( 如 first, second, next, then, finally 等)，结构清晰，层次分明，条理清楚，便于理解 (3) 按顺序列举 Three kinds of decisions Three main types of cryptographyanother Three main reasons 三、解题思路 （1）通读选项，抓住其关键词语，明确各选项的大致意思， （2）根据空格在段落中的 位置判断设空类型主旨；过渡；细节） （3）定位选项根据文章整体结构与具体内容，将选项填入文中。

（4）确定排除，检查代词指代的一致性，句式的一致性，数字列举的一致性等最终确定答案 四、命题类型： （考察角度） A. 主旨概括句 : (涉及文章整体内容 ) 多位于标题或段首处，考察主旨和段首大意 2 B. 过渡性句子 : (反映文章结构 ) 多位于段落中间或段首处，承上启下，考察文章内在结构 C. 细节性句子: (反映上下文的逻辑关系 ) 多位于段落中间或段尾处，考察上下文逻辑意义 1、段首题： 1）主旨概括句2）承上启下 例 1 ______ . A yellow room makes most people feel more cheerful and more relaxed than a dark green one; and a red dress brings warmth and cheer to the saddest winter day. C. The rooms are painted in different colours as you like. G. Colours do influence our moods -there is no doubt about it 例 2 62____________Good students are kind to other people and love animals. April is Bird-loving Month in China. Is your school doing anything to celebrate? You should join. That way, you can learn more about animals and how to protect them. When more people work together, it makes more fun for everyone. A. Do more at school. B. You should welcome them, because new ideas make life better for everyone. C. Try to learn from others. 2、段尾题 1）与前文是并列或解释关系2）结论、概括句3）承上启下 例 2 Be open to new ideas. Have you ever thought that people could live on the moon? Maybe youll discover Earth II some day. Dont look down on new ideas. Everyones ideas are important. 64________ 3 A. Do more at school. B. You should welcome them, because new ideas make life better for everyone. C. Try to learn from others. 注意： 在选项中找表示并列递进或解释关系的关联词 3、段中题 1）过渡句所选答案承上启下2）并列或递进关系 3）转折或让步关系4）因果关系5）解释例证关系 Ben and Sally lived in California with their two daughters. Ben liked travelling. 61 ____________ , but Sally stayed home with the girls. A. They want Ben to watch the video B. One summer, he went to Africa on a trip C. Soon Ben got back home 五、四大线索秒杀- 七选五 篇章结构线索；前后语义线索；前后语法线索；上下文逻辑线索 一、篇章结构关联 1) 小标题一致性：名词短语、祈使句（短小精悍，简洁概括全文，大写） 例 1： (2015 ) 38 A. having confidence in yourself will help you make better choices because you can see what the best outcome would be for your well -being. 39 C. If youve been betrayed, you are the victim of your circumstance. But there s a difference between being a victim and living with a “victim mentality”. At some point in all of our lives, well have our trust tested or violated. A. Learn to really trust yourself. B. It is putting confidence in someone. 4 C. Stop regarding yourself as the victim. D. Remember that you can expect the best in return. 例 2: ( 2019 I ) The following methods may work best for you. Read the text quickly to find the main facts and ideas in it. Write your notes in your own words. ___74_____ A. Use words, not complete sentences. B. You must write your notes on separate paper. 2) 句式一致性 例 1: ( 2018 I ) X-rays can show wisdom teeth below the gums( 牙龈) ____, Removal is also advised if there is a chance that poorly aligned(排列) wisdom teeth will damage the other teeth. A. Removal is generally advised when wisdom teeth only partly break through the gums. B. If removal is advised the best time is before the teeth cause any problems. 例 2: ( 2016 I ) 40 However, it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long. So codes must be changed frequently. A. It is very hard to break a code without the code book. 例 3: ( 2019 I ) and if the teacher uses it carefully,the children can understand it. A. Most children take what we find for them B. But she does want to show them that they can make sense of them C. Her class are a group of seven -year-old pupils 5 D. If the children like the story E. Because they are interested in the story 例 4: ( 2018 I ) The best way to enjoy your friendship is to allow your friends to be themselves. 75 Try not to change them from who they are to what you want them to be. Become the kind of friend you will want your friend to be to you. B. Do things together. C. Do not wait to be spoken to. D. Try not to find fault with your friends. 例 5: ( 2015 I ) It seems urgent, that communications in transport should be improved. _________ All over cities, it seems that people are too tired and too rushed to be polite. A. Communication between human beingsshould also be kept smooth and polite. B.Yet this is all too often seen. C.The public should obey the rules. 3) 段落的语篇结构： 总分 结构 例：(2013 ) Business management is a term used to describe the techniques of planning, direction, and control of the operations of a business. 73 One is the establishment （制定）of broad basic policies with respect to production, sales, the purchase of equipment, materials and supplies, and accounting. 74 The third relates to the establishment of standards of work in all departments. Direction is concerned primarily w。