英语五种基本句型解读及高考链接.docx

          英语五种基本句型解读及高考链接                    关键词：英语教学；基本句型解读；高考链接一、五种基本句型1.(1).S+vi，vi(不及物动词)后不可以直跟宾语常见的动词如：arrive,come,live,exist,rise,appear,apologize,happen,work等e.g.Theaccidenthappenedtothepooroldwomanyesterday.e.g.Imustapologizefornotbeingabletomeetyou.(2)一些Vt.转化为Vi，常用主动表被动如：wash,sell,lock,wear,write,read,等e.g.Thissweaterwasheswell.2.S+vt+O，vt(及物动词)后直接接宾语，其宾语常由名词，代词，动词不定式，动名词或从句等来充当常见动词有：enjoy,explain,invent,guess,raise,use,accept,admire,admit,affect,afford,celebrate,discover,educate,equip,supply等。

e.g.Iadmirehimforhissuccessinbusiness.3.S+V+P,此句型中的动词为Link.Veb,用来表示主语的特点，身份等其系动词一般分为两类：(1)表状态的连系动词，如：be,look,seem,smell,taste,stand,keep,remain,continue,stay等e.g.Thesouptastessalty.(2)表转变或结果的联系动词如：become,get,grow,turn,go,come,fall,prove等e.g.Themilkwentsour.4.S+V+OI+OD，OI为间接宾语，是主语接受的对象或行为施予的对象，多由指“sb.”的名词或代词承担OD为直接宾语，是给予的对象，由表示“sth.”的名词来充当引导这类双宾语的常见动词：(1)可改为“to”型的句式：常见的动词有：bring,give,pass,hand,offer,pay,post,promise,return,send,serve,show,teach,tell等e.g.ShepromisedanicegifttomeonChristmasDay.(2)可改为“for”型的句式：常见的动词有：buy,choose,make等。

e.g.Myfatherboughtanewbikeformeonmybirthday.5.S+V+O+C，这种句型中的“宾语+宾补”通称为“复合宾语”宾语补足语的主要作用是补充，说明宾语的特点，身份等；或者表示让宾语去完成的动作等担任补语的常是名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，分词，动词不定式等e.g.Keepthechildrenquiet,please.e.g.Ifindhimareliableman.e.g.Thebossmadehimdotheworkallday.e.g.Ihavemyhaircut.e.g.Welastsawtheboyplayingneartheriverbank.e.g.Ialwayskeepmykeysinmypocket.下列动词在主动语态中用不带to的动词不定式做补足语，但是，在被动语态中要加to，它们是：“吾看三室两厅一感觉”——五看(watch,see,notice,lookat,observe)，三使(have,let,make)；二听(hear,listento)；一感觉(feel)以上动词还可用现在分词作宾语(主语)补足语除let,make)，都可以用现在分词作宾语(主语)补足语，此外find,catch,keep,leave，也可用现在分词作宾语(主语)补足语。

如：e.g.Ihatetoseeyouleavesosoon.e.g.Someonewasheardtocomeupthestairs.e.g.Atthattime,Ifoundhimcryinginthestreet.(1)感官动词see,watch,observe,lookat等词宾语补足语的形式：e.g.IheardhersinganEnglishsongjustnow.e.g.IheardhersinginganEnglishsongwhenIpassedbyherroomyesterday.e.g.Ilookeddownatmyneckandfoundmynecklacegone.(2)have,get后可接动词不定式，现在分词，过去分词作宾语补足语①havesomethingdone=getsomethingdonee.g.I’llhave∕getmybikerepairedtomorrow.②havesomebody/somethingdoing使∕让某人∕物持续地做e.g.Thecaptaingotthesoldiersmovingtowardthefront.havesomebody/somethingdoing(否定句中，表容忍)e.g.Iwon’thaveyouspeakingtoyourmotherlikethat.③havesomebodydosomething使/让某人做某事e.g.Motherhadmegototheshopandbuysomesalt.二、简单句的常见考点1.祈使句+and/or+主语+will+其他成分e.g.Startoutrightaway,oryou’llmissthefirsttrain.e.g．Workhardandyouwillmakeprogress.2.祈使句或祈使句反意疑问句:e.g.Knockatthedoorbeforeyouentermyroom,please.3.简单句或疑问句：e.g.Sarahmadeittotheairportjustintimetocatchherplanethismorning.4.倒装句：e.g.Therestoodagirlhehadneverseenbefore.5.感叹句：e.g.Whatpresentdoyouexpectshehasgotforyourbirthday?高考链接：(1)Ilookedupandnoticedasnakewindingitswayupthetreetocatchitsbreakfast.(2012.四川)(2)Letthoseinneedunderstandthatwhenwillgoallouttohelpthem.(2013.陕西)(3)Observecarefully,ifanychangeoccurswhendoingexperimentsinthelab.(2014.北京卷)(4)Thiscyclegoesdayafterday.(2015.全国卷II)(5)Peterwilltakeuphispostastheheadofthetravelagencyattheendofnextmonth.(2015.陕西)三、对重点语法的理解与应用1.在名词性从句中,同学们只要会分析名词性从句中缺什么成分，关系词就一目了然.e.g.Ithinkwhatimpressesmeabouthispaintingisthecolorsheuses.Ithink后是宾语从句，它的谓语动词是is,其前是主语从句，主语从句中谓语动词impresses前缺主语，需用what引导。

2.在定于从句中，从句缺什么成分，就可选用相应的连接词e.g.Ilookedstraightintohereyes,whereangerwasreplacedbysympathy.先行词是hereyes,根据句意可知hereyes表示的“angerwasreplacedbysympathy“发生的地点，所以用where引导定于从句3.简单句在作文当中，说它四两拨千斤，一点也不夸张试想，一篇100单词左右的短文大约需要八九个句子，简单句基本占五六句更何况复合句，并列句等也是由简单句组成  -全文完-。