初中英语非谓语动词总复习加练习及答案.docx

非谓语动词#重要考点: 一、 不定式；-ing形式；-ed形式二、 省略to的不定式；三、 带to与不带to意思不同的情况;四、 只用-ing做宾语的动词五、 只用to的不定式做宾语的动词,形容词或副词在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词具体含义为在句中起名词作用的动词形式，而不是作谓语的动词形式谓语动词和非谓语动词的区别 :1） 谓语动词在句中可单独作谓语 ，而非谓语动词不能单独作谓语Miss Mary teaches us En glish. 玛丽教我们英语 （teaches 动词作谓语）Mr. Li came to our classroom to have a talk with us last week.（to have a talk.... 不定式作状语 ）2） 谓语动词受主语的人称和数的限制，而非谓语动词形式没有这种限制Mike likes the pop music. （动词用单数第三人称形式 ）Lucy has nothing to do today （do 用原形 ）非谓语动词分为三种形式：不定式，1）不定式时态语态 主动一般式 to do完成式to have done动名词和分词（分词包括现在分词和过去分词）被动to be doneto have bee n done被动being donehav ing bee n done2）动名词时态语态一般式完成式主动doinghav ing done主动doinghav ing done3）分词时态语态一般式完成式被动being donehav ing bee n done否定形式： not +不定式，not + 动名词，not + 现在分词动词不定式、结构及特征:1、 动词不定式的基本形式是 一to +动词原形II,有时可以不带to。

2、 特点：动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能作谓语，但可以担任除谓语外的任何成分语、表语、宾语、状语和宾语补足语，所以我们又称之为非谓语形式动词不定式仍保留动词的特点， 即它可以有自己的宾语和状语二、动词不定式的用法：动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，在句子中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语和状语1）作主语To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard.To learn English well is not easy.动词不定式短语作主语时，往往用 it 作形式主语，真正的不定式主语置于句后，如上面两句可改为：It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes.It is not easy to learn English well. 这种句型可归纳为下面的句型：It + be + 名词 + to doIt is + adj.+ 动词不定式 如果要说明不定式表示的动作执行者，可以用 for+sb.It is + adj.+ for sb. to do sth. （ 用 for+sb. 说明不定式表示的动作执行者 ）2）作表语My wish is to become a teacher.My chief purpose is to point out the difficulties of the matter.Your duty is to water flowers everyday.He seems to have few friends here.3）作宾语① 常与不定式连用作宾语的动词有： want, like, begin, star, choose, forget, remember, need, would like,decide, ask, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help, agree, promise, prefer 等，如：Most of us like to watch football matches.Please remember to post this letter.I plan to buy a new computer.② 动词不定式作宾语时，如果他后面有宾语补足语，常用 it作形式宾语，而真正的宾语即不定式放在宾补后面。

句型结构为： 主语 + 谓语 + it + 宾语补足语 + 动词不定式I found it easy to make a paper plane.I found it difficult to solve the problem.He feels it his duty to help the poor.We find it necessary to help the blind.③ 在英语中有些动词如： know, wonder, decide, learn 等词后可接“ 疑问词 +不定式”作宾语Please show us how to do it.The question is how to solve it.I can ‘tdecide where to go.The boy didn ‘ tknow how to use the computer.4）作宾语补足语① 后接带 to 的不定式作宾语补足语的动词（短语）有： ask, tell, beg, like, love, would like, hate, order, teach, want, allow, warn, encourage, wish, cause, advise, force, permit, persuade,Prepare, invite, urge 等The teachers often encourage us to study hard.Father allows us to watch TV at night.My teacher told us not to play on the road.② 后接省略 to 的不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：感官动词 hear, feel, see, watch, notice, listen to, look at; 使役动词 let, make, have 。

另外 help 后的动词不定式可带 to 也可省 to（ 省略 to 的不定式在改写成被动语态时，动词后一定要把 to 加上 ）I saw him dance.I heard Lucy sing in the classroom.I often help my mother （to） do housework.The boss made the workers work all day. （ 改被动 The workers were made to work all day.He told me to be here on time.5）作定语① 不定式作定语往往放在被修饰词的后面，作后置定语I have nothing to say about that thing.The next bus to arrive is at 7:45.Reading aloud is the best way to learn English.② 与被修饰词之间有动宾关系，如果是不及物动词需要加介词，如：Is there a room to live in?Would you please give me some paper to write on.Could you pass me a pen to write with.③ 与被修饰词之间有动宾关系，同时与句中其他词之间又有逻辑上的主谓关系时，尽管由被动意义，却 仍然用主动。

Do you have anything to say on this problem?Would you mind giving me something to drink?④ 与被修饰词之间有动宾关系而不存在主谓关系，则需用被动语态：Do you have anything to be taken to your mum?6）作状语 （目的，结果，原因等 ）He stopped to have a look. （目的）He ran so fast as to catch the first bus. （ 目的 ）He woke up to find everybody gone. （ 结果 ）I ‘ m glad to see you. （ 原因 ）注意：不定式放句首时，逻辑主语和句子的要主语一致：如To learn English well, a dictionary is needed. （错 ）To learn English well, he needs a dictionary. （ 正确 ）三、不定式作副词的用法 --作状语①不定式可以在句子中作目的、原因和结果状语I am sorry to have bothered you.我非常抱歉打搅了你。

（原因状语）They will come to the city to look for a job.他们将要到大城市来找工作 （目的状语）If you are so stupid as to do so, you must expect trouble.你如果愚蠢得这样做事，你就等着自找麻烦吧结果状语）②fbo…to... 结构”中的不定式含有否定的意思，因此too...to... 表示”?太而不能??”这孩子太小，还不能参军The boy is too young to joi n the army.He is too busy to see me. 他太忙，不能来看我③ so as...+不定式”结构，不定式作目的状语，意思是 “以便?？”―so+形容词（副词）+as+不定式II结构，不定式作结果状语He went there quickly so as to meet her. 他赶快到那里去以便可以碰见她 （目的）He was so kind as to offer his seat to me. 承他好意，把座位让给了我 （结果）（结果）The man was so angry as to smash the things in the room. 这个人气极了，便开始摔屋里的东西。

四、不定式的否定形式： not to do/ no do典型例题① Tell him the wi ndow.A. to shut not B. not to shut C. to not shut D. not shut解析：B. tell sb to do sth 的否定形式为 tell sb not to do sth.② She warned her daughter computer games too much.A. n e。