Ernest-Hemingway海明威人物介绍the-Lost-Generation迷惘的一代.ppt

Ernest-HemingwayErnest-Hemingway海海明威人物介绍明威人物介绍the-Lost-the-Lost-GenerationGeneration迷惘的一代迷惘的一代American￿novelist,￿short-story￿writer,￿and￿journalist.￿1234Contents￿Life￿experienceMajor￿￿worksThemeStyleHis￿Life•childhood•school life•after high school•World warⅠ•life in Key West•World War II•suicidechildhoodHe is the second child, and first son *He is raised in Oak Park, a suburb of Chicago *His father — a successful physician，，love fishing and hunting*His mother — a music teacher*music lessons were useful in his writing and a lifelong passion for outdoor adventure and for living in remote areasschool￿life•He attended Oak Park and River Forest High School and excelled both academically and athletically •His first writing experience was for the school's newspaper and yearbookafter￿high￿schoolHe worked as a reporter for The Kansas City Star( 堪萨斯堪萨斯《《星报星报》》) before World War I for only six months World￿warⅠ•joined the Red Cross Ambulance Corps(红十字会战场红十字会战场服务队服务队)•on July 8, 1918,  he wounded but carried an Italian soldier to safety, received the Italian Silver Medal of Bravery•when in the hospital, he met and fell in love with Agnes, a Red Cross nurse but rejectedlife￿in￿Key￿West•In 1928，，he moved to Key West, Florida, to begin their new life •At this time,his father committed suicide•During the early 1930s Hemingway were busy with hunting, fishing, bullfighting, traveling and writingWorld￿War￿II•After the Pacific war broke out，he even improvised his yacht as submarine to detect German army and offer the information to American government. In 1940,he created For Whom the Bell Tolls and in 1952 he published his best-known novel，at least to Chinese people，Old Man And The Sea.suicide•Discouraged by a troubled family background, illness and the belief that he was losing his gift for writing, he "quite deliberately" shot himself with his favorite shotgun in the early morning hours of July 2, 1961.Major￿￿worksshort￿stories1923：：Three Stories and Ten Poems《《三个故事和十首诗三个故事和十首诗》》1925：：Cat in the Rain《《雨中的猫雨中的猫》》1925：：In Our Time《《在我们的时代里在我们的时代里》》1927：：Men Without Women《《没有女人的男人没有女人的男人》》1932：：The Snows of Kilimanjaro《《乞力马扎罗的雪乞力马扎罗的雪》》1933：：Winner Take Nothing《《胜者一无所获胜者一无所获》》1938：：The Fifth Column and the First Forty-Nine Stories《《第五纵队第五纵队与与49个故事个故事》》1972：：The Nick Adams Stories《《尼克尼克·亚当斯故事集亚当斯故事集》》1987：：The Complete Short Stories of Ernest Hemingway《《海明威短海明威短篇故事全集篇故事全集》》1995：：Everyman's Library: The Collected Storie《《海明威故事选集海明威故事选集》》Figure￿masterpieces•1926 ：：The Sun also Rises《《太阳照常升起太阳照常升起》》•1929 ：：A Farewell to Arms 《《永别了，武器永别了，武器》》•1940：： For Whom the Bell Tolls 《《丧钟为谁丧钟为谁而鸣而鸣》》•1952 ：： The Old Man and the Sea 《《老人与老人与海海》》Spokesman￿of￿"the￿Lost￿Generation"￿"迷惘的一代"•Definition:￿term￿applied￿to￿the￿disillusioned￿intellectuals￿and￿aesthetes￿of￿the￿years￿following￿WWI,￿who￿rebelled￿against￿former￿ideals￿and￿values￿but￿could￿replace￿them￿only￿by￿despair￿or￿a￿cynical￿hedonism.￿This￿included￿the￿young￿English￿and￿American￿expatriates￿as￿well￿as￿men￿and￿women￿caught￿in￿the￿war￿and￿cut￿off￿from￿the￿old￿values￿and￿yet￿unable￿to￿come￿to￿terms￿with￿the￿new￿era￿when￿civilization￿had￿gone￿mad.￿•Time period: 1920s•Source of the name: Gertrude Stein（格特鲁德·斯坦因）, preface to The Sun Also Rises•Common characteristics:–Coming of age during the War, having something to do with it–Disillusioned and antagonistic against war–Unhappy about American culture–Expatiates in Paris•Major representatives: the writers such as Hemingway, F.S. Fitzgerald, Thomas Wolfe, and Louis Bromfield and poets like Malcolm Cowley, E. E. Cummings, and Ezra Pound.Major themes1. Hemingway Theme with a Hemingway Hero: •Hemingway’s heroes live adventure-filled lives that are driven by courage and limited by fear•They hide a sensitive heart under a tough exterior•“Grace under pressure” is their motto•His heroes are hemmed in by forces beyond their controlDefinition of Code Hero• Hemingway defined the Code Hero as "a man who lives correctly, following the ideals of honor, courage and endurance in a world that is sometimes chaotic, often stressful, and always painful."  •The Code Hero measures himself by how well they handle the difficult situations that life throws at him. In the end the Code Hero will lose because we are all mortal, but the true measure is how a person faces death.  •The Code believes in "Nada," a Spanish word meaning nothing. Along with this, there is no after life.Code￿hero•The “Hemingway Code” of manhood does not involve mere physical strength, sexual potency, or ability to accumulate (or spend) wealth.•According to this code, a man is defined by will, pride, and endurance: the endurance to accept pain, even loss-when the loss cannot be avoided; the pride of knowing that one has done one's best, with the courage to act truly according to one's own nature; and the will to face defeat or victory without whining on one hand or boasting on the other. Examples of Hemingway code hero:Frederick Henry in A Farewell to ArmsRobert Jordan in For Whom the Bell TollsSntiago in The Old Man and the Sea•2.  War:  Violent,  meaningless,  chaotic,  purposeless slaughter;•3. Death; •4. Love; (as a response to the horrors of war and the world: Henry and Catherine )•5.Fishing, Boxing, Bullfighting, Drinking…•The novelist was widely quoted as saying, "My writing is nothing. My boxing is everything." Wring style–Simplicity, economy of expression • Diction: concrete, specific, commonly found, Anglo-Saxon, casual and conversational words, with few adverbs or adjectives • Syntax: short, simple sentences, which are orderly and patterned, conversational and sometimes ungrammatical.–A near "stream-of-consciousness" narration and interior monologue. –Understatement and omission ( Iceberg Theory)  “I always try to write on the principle of the iceberg. There is seven-eights of it under water for every part that shows. Anything you know you can eliminate and it only strengthens your iceberg. It is the part that doesn’t show.”“I sometimes think that my style is suggestive rather than direct. The reader must often use his imagination or lose the most subtle part of my thoughts.”     “If a writer of prose knows enough about what he is writing about ,he may omit things that he knows and the reader, if the writer is writing truly enough, will have a feeling of those things as strongly as though the writer had stated them. The dignity  of movement of an iceberg is due to only  one-eighth of it being above water.”    Hemingway's Iceberg Theory ---- Hemingway His sentences only give one small bit of the meaning. The rest is implied. One must go very deep beneath the surface to understand the full meaning of his writing. Certainly, there are moments when the reader feels the suggestion of vast meaning beneath Hemingway's few, spare words.        He noted that, “a writer’s style should be direct and personal, his imagery rich and earthy, and his words simple and vigorous. The greatest writers have the gift of brevity, are hard workers, diligent scholars and competent stylists”Famous￿phrases•But man is not made for defeat, a man can be destroyed but not defeated.•As long as they do not care about gains and losses, Nothing in life should not be overcome.结束！结束！。