2022年考博英语-河北农业大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）套卷81.docx

2022年考博英语-河北农业大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 单选题The poverty line is the minimum income that people need for an acceptable standard of living. People with incomes below the poverty line are considered poor. Economists study the causes of poverty in order to find solutions to the problem.As the general standard of living in the country rises, the poverty line does, too. Therefore, even with today’s relatively high standard of living, about 10 percent of the people in the United States are below the poverty line. However, if these people had stable jobs, they could have an acceptable standard of living. Economists suggest several reasons why poor people do not have jobs.For one thing, more than half of the poor people in the United States are not qualified to work. Over 40 percent of the poor people are children. By law, children less than 16 years old cannot work in many industries. A large number of poor people are old. Many companies do not hire people over 65 years old, the normal retirement age.Some poor adults do not look for jobs for a variety of personal reasons: they are sick, they do not have any motivation, they have family problems, or they do not believe that they can find a job. Other poor people look for a job but cannot find one. Many poor adults never went to high school. Therefore, when they look for jobs, they have few skills that they can offer.At the present time, the government thinks it can reduce poverty in the country in the following ways.First, if the national economy grows, businesses and industries hire more workers. Some of the poor who are qualified to look for jobs may find employment. Then they will no longer be below the poverty line.Second, if society invests in the poor, the poor will become more productive. If the government spends money on social programs, education, and training for poor people, the poor will have the skills to offer. Then it is more likely that they can find jobs.Finally, if the government distributes society’s income differently, it raises some poor people above the poverty line. The government collects taxes from the non-poor and gives money to the poor. These payments to the poor are called welfare. In 1975 over 18 million people in the United States received welfare.Some economists are looking for better solutions to the poverty problem. However, at the present time, many people depend on welfare for a minimally acceptable standard of living.1. The author’s main purpose to write this article is ____________.2. Which of the following is NOT true?3. More than 40 percent of the poor people are children. This is mainly because ____________.4. Most of the American poor people are not qualified for employment because ____________.5. We may conclude from the passage that ____________.问题1选项A.to define what the poverty line isB.to explain why young people live below the poverty lineC.to find solutions to the problem of povertyD.to show sympathy for those poor people问题2选项A.Ten percent of the Americans live a poor life.B.Poor people are those who live below the poverty line.C.The poverty line rises as the general standard of living rises.D.The poverty line tends to be at the same level.问题3选项A.they do not have enough motivationB.they are so young that they are deprived of chances to workC.they fail to get enough educationD.they are very poor in health问题4选项A.they do not have any motivation to workB.they are not very self-confidentC.they are too young or too old to workD.they have physical and family problems问题5选项A.better solutions to the poverty problem are not yet foundB.welfare will enable people to be richC.poor people are bound to go out of the poverty line if they have chances to do businessD.employment is the best solution to the poverty problem【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:B第4题:C第5题:A【解析】1.作者意图题。

根据第一段最后一句Economists study the causes of poverty in order to find solutions to the problem.（经济学家研究贫困的原因是为了找到解决问题的办法结合后文提到贫困的原因以及解决的方法，可知本文主要在寻找解决贫困的方法，故C选项“寻找解决贫困问题的方法”正确A选项“定义贫困线”：在文章第一句提出，后面没有进一步再解释，故错误B选项“解释为什么年轻人生活在贫困线以下”：文章有提到，但这只是文章内容的一部分，故错误D选项“对穷人表示同情”：不是文章主要表达的内容，故错误没有提到因此C选项正确2.判断推理题根据，A选项“百分之十的美国人过着贫困的生活”：根据第二段第二句about 10 percent of the people in the United States are below the poverty line（10%的美国人生活在贫困线以下），可知A选项错误B选项“穷人是那些生活在贫困线以下的人”：People with incomes below the poverty line are considered poor.（收入在贫困线以下的人被认为是穷人。

可知B选项错误C选项“贫困线随着总体生活水平的提高而提高”：根据第二段第一句As the general standard of living in the country rises, the poverty line does, too.（随着国家总体生活水平的提高，贫困线也在提高可知贫困线不会一成不变，故D选项“贫困线往往在同一水平”正确，B选项错误因此D选项正确3.事实细节题根据第三段第二、三句Over 40 percent of the poor people are children. By law, children less than 16 years old cannot work in many industries.（超过40%的穷人是儿童根据法律规定，16岁以下的儿童不能在许多行业工作可知儿童没有钱的原因是不能工作，故B选项“他们太年轻了，还不能工作”正确A选项“他们没有足够的积极性”和D选项“他们的健康状况很差”是一些成年人找不到工作的原因，故错误C选项“他们没有得到足够的教育”：这是穷人普遍找不到工作。